Ghrelin, a 28-aminoacid peptide, was isolated from the human and rat stomach and identified in 1999 as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R). In addition to stimulating appetite and regulating energy balance, ghrelin and its receptor GHS-R1a have a direct effect on the cardiovascular system. In recent years, it has been shown that ghrelin exerts cardioprotective effects, including the modulation of sympathetic activity and hypertension, enhancement of the vascular activity and angiogenesis, inhibition of arrhythmias, reduction in heart failure and inhibition of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiovascular protective effect of ghrelin may be associated with anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, inhibited sympathetic nerve activation, regulated autophagy, and endothelial dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ghrelin on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated, and no specific therapeutic agent has been established. It is important to further explore the pharmacological potential of ghrelin pathway modulation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

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Ghrelin 对心血管疾病的研究进展。

Ghrelin 是一种 28 个氨基酸的肽，从人和大鼠的胃中分离出来，并于 1999 年被鉴定为生长激素促分泌素受体 (GHS-R) 的内源性配体。除了刺激食欲和调节能量平衡外，生长素释放肽及其受体GHS-R1a对心血管系统有直接作用。近年来，已经表明生长素释放肽发挥心脏保护作用，包括调节交感神经活动和高血压、增强血管活性和血管生成、抑制心律失常、减少心力衰竭和抑制心肌梗塞 (MI) 后的心脏重构. ghrelin 的心血管保护作用可能与抗炎、抗细胞凋亡、抑制交感神经激活、调节自噬和内皮功能障碍有关。然而，ghrelin 对心血管系统影响的分子机制尚未完全阐明，也没有建立特定的治疗药物。进一步探索ghrelin通路调节治疗心血管疾病的药理潜力非常重要。