Neutrophils are innate immune cells that constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Due to this characteristic, they are exposed to diverse immunological environments wherein sources for nutrients are often limited. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism revealed that neutrophils utilize diverse metabolic pathways in response to immunological challenges. In particular, neutrophils adopt specific metabolic pathways for modulating their effector functions in contrast to other immune cells, which undergo metabolic reprogramming to ensure differentiation into distinct cell subtypes. Therefore, neutrophils utilize different metabolic pathways not only to fulfill their energy requirements, but also to support specialized effector functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation, ROS generation, chemotaxis, and degranulation. In this review, we discuss the basic metabolic pathways used by neutrophils and how these metabolic alterations play a critical role in their effector functions.

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目前对中性粒细胞代谢的理解

中性粒细胞是先天免疫细胞，构成抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线。由于这一特性，它们暴露于不同的免疫环境中，其中营养来源通常是有限的。免疫代谢领域的最新进展表明，中性粒细胞利用多种代谢途径来应对免疫挑战。特别是，与其他免疫细胞相比，中性粒细胞采用特定的代谢途径来调节其效应子功能，其他免疫细胞经历代谢重编程以确保分化为不同的细胞亚型。因此，中性粒细胞利用不同的代谢途径不仅满足其能量需求，而且支持特殊的效应器功能，例如中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成、ROS 生成、趋化性、和脱粒。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中性粒细胞使用的基本代谢途径，以及这些代谢改变如何在其效应功能中发挥关键作用。