To investigate the impact of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) in the embryo, we explored the outcome of different generations (G₄ and G₆) on the early stages of embryogenesis using the chicken embryo as a model. We also monitored their effect on angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Our data revealed that cationic PAMAMs provoke substantial embryotoxicity, as they significantly induce death (up to 50%, p < 0 05) and inhibit angiogenesis of the CAM (up to 30%, p < 0 05) in a generation-dependent manner in comparison to controls and other types of PAMAMs (anionic and neutral). Moreover, cationic PAMAMs alter the expression of genes related to cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, transcription factor, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, as shown by RT-PCR analysis. Our data suggest that PAMAM dendrimers exhibit intrinsic toxicity in embryos at the early stages and inhibits angiogenesis of the CAM. Thus, future studies are necessary to illustrate the exact mechanism of PAMAM dendrimers in embryotoxicity.

中文翻译：

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裸聚（酰胺基胺）树状聚合物纳米颗粒在正常发育的早期阶段表现出内在的胚胎毒性。

为了研究聚（酰胺基胺）树状聚合物（PAMAMs）在胚胎中的影响，我们探索了不同世代（G₄和G ₆）以鸡胚为模型在胚胎发生的早期阶段。我们还监测了它们对绒膜尿囊膜（CAM）中血管生成的影响。我们的数据表明，阳离子PAMAMs具有显着的胚胎毒性，因为它们以世代相依的方式显着诱导死亡（高达50％，p <0 05）并抑制CAM的血管生成（高达30％，p <0 05）。与对照和其他类型的PAMAM（阴离子和中性）比较。而且，阳离子PAMAM会改变与细胞存活，细胞周期，增殖，转录因子，凋亡和血管生成有关的基因表达，如RT-PCR分析所示。我们的数据表明，PAMAM树状聚合物在早期阶段的胚胎中表现出内在的毒性，并抑制CAM的血管生成。从而，