Abstract This article investigated an outdoor wayfinding performance following absolute and relative verbal route instructions. Participants were divided into two groups. Each group received two types of instructions that started in one frame of reference and shifted to another reference frame. Results showed that participants in both groups had difficulty following the absolute instructions having significantly more stops, more deviations, and more frequent checking of route instructions. It took a long time for participants to finish the task when a shift to an absolute frame of reference was made. Concerning sketch maps, participants recalled more landmarks with relative route instructions.

中文翻译：

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使用相对和绝对指令学习陌生路线：分析人类寻路性能和草图

摘要 本文研究了遵循绝对和相对口头路线指示的户外寻路性能。参与者被分为两组。每组收到两种类型的指令，从一个参考帧开始并转移到另一个参考帧。结果表明，两组的参与者都难以遵循绝对指令，停顿次数更多，偏差更多，并且更频繁地检查路线指令。当转移到绝对参考系时，参与者需要很长时间才能完成任务。关于草图，参与者回忆了更多带有相关路线指示的地标。