ABSTRACT African hereditary groups of occupational specialists are an object of study neglected by social sciences. They often disappear into the broad category of minority groups, and social and historical analyses miss the specific characteristics of their forms of marginalisation. This article adopts the perspective of the Gaboye of Somaliland as an example of the contribution that these groups can make to the study of the transformation of labour organisation and social stratification in Africa. The case study of the Gaboye shows how labour exploitation and the marginalisation of occupational groups changed during the colonial period. Colonial institutions affected socio-economic relationships between local groups more deeply than they intended to, via the economic transformations they triggered and the consolidation of legal models and political apparatuses in Somaliland. By studying the legacies of elements which supported the Gaboye’s marginalisation in the past and focusing on their occupational segregation, the article also aims to define elements of comparative analysis which allow African hereditary groups of occupational specialists to be used as a point from which to observe processes which have affected different regions of Africa: the collapse of the postcolonial state, contemporary forms of transnational mobility, and the re-organisation of global economic networks.

中文翻译：

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索马里兰的加博耶：劳动力开发的转变和历史连续性以及职业专家世袭群体的边缘化

摘要非洲世袭的职业专家群体是社会科学所忽视的研究对象。他们经常消失在少数群体的大类中，而社会和历史分析却错过了其边缘化形式的特定特征。本文以索马里兰的加博耶的观点为例，说明这些群体可以为研究非洲的劳动力组织转型和社会分层做出贡献。Gaboye的案例研究表明，在殖民时期，劳动力剥削和职业群体的边缘化是如何变化的。殖民机构对地方团体之间的社会经济关系的影响比他们打算的要深得多，通过经济转型，他们触发了索马里兰的法律模式和政治体制。通过研究过去支持Gaboye边缘化的要素的遗产并着重于其职业隔离，本文还旨在定义比较分析的要素，以使非洲世袭的职业专家群体可以作为观察过程的起点这些影响了非洲的不同地区：后殖民国家的瓦解，当代形式的跨国流动以及全球经济网络的重组。