ABSTRACT The integration of upgrading strategies (UPS) as part of the livelihood strategies of small farmers is vital for enhancing their food systems. The success of the UPS implementation largely relies on the interactions among key actors. Understanding the complex social realities of farmers is essential for adapting strategies to the local context. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the impact of UPS on the livelihood of participants in two case study areas in Tanzania. We used a mixed-method approach to understand the relations between, roles, and motivations of relevant actors in the participatory implementation of their UPS using the Net-Map tool for social network analysis and focus group discussions. Our results reveal why the implementation of UPS improved people´s livelihoods and allowed us to derive some success factors. Motivations for participating in a UPS group differed to some extent among all UPS groups and all types of actors. Based on our results, we found that UPS allow participants to enhance their social networks within their communities and develop skills that improve their livelihood strategies, resulting in more diverse livelihood outcomes. This research provides a knowledge base for UPS considerations and other participatory actions with local subsistence stakeholders.

中文翻译：

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确定改善农村生计战略的成功因素：参与式社交网络地图如何提供​​帮助？

摘要将升级战略（UPS）作为小农生计战略的一部分，对于改善其粮食系统至关重要。UPS实施的成功很大程度上取决于关键角色之间的互动。了解农民的复杂社会现实对于使策略适应当地情况至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是确定UPS对坦桑尼亚两个案例研究区参与者的生计的影响。我们使用混合方法来了解相关参与者在使用网络地图工具进行社交网络分析和焦点小组讨论的UPS参与式实施中的相关角色，角色和动机。我们的结果揭示了为什么实施UPS可以改善人们的生活，并使我们获得一些成功因素。在所有UPS组和所有类型的参与者之间，参与UPS组的动机有所不同。根据我们的结果，我们发现UPS使参与者能够增强其社区内部的社交网络，并开发可改善其生计策略的技能，从而带来更多的生计结果。这项研究为UPS考虑因素以及与当地生计利益相关者的其他参与行动提供了知识库。我们发现，UPS允许参与者增强其社区内的社交网络，并开发可改善其生计策略的技能，从而带来更多不同的生计结果。这项研究为UPS考虑因素以及与当地生计利益相关者的其他参与行动提供了知识库。我们发现，UPS允许参与者增强其社区内的社交网络，并开发可改善其生计策略的技能，从而带来更多不同的生计结果。这项研究为UPS考虑因素以及与当地生计利益相关者的其他参与行动提供了知识库。