ABSTRACT A life-course perspective on neighborhood effects suggests that levels of and changes in neighborhood structural conditions may impact neighborhood social organization, collective efficacy, and reciprocated exchange, with implications for changes in homicide rates. Results indicate changes in neighborhood disadvantage – though not in immigrant concentration or residential stability – disrupt both reciprocated exchange and collective efficacy. However, neither mechanism appears to mediate the change-homicide relationship, nor do the two mediators significantly interact in their association with homicide rates. Findings suggest both contemporary and historical neighborhood disadvantage is significantly related to homicide rates, supporting a dynamic view of the links between conditions, social mediators, and homicide.

中文翻译：

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芝加哥社区的社会组织和凶杀率：结构稳定与变化的作用

摘要从生活过程的角度对邻里效应的研究表明，邻里结构条件的水平和变化可能会影响邻里的社会组织，集体效能和相互交换，从而影响凶杀率的变化。结果表明，邻里不利条件的变化（尽管不是移民集中地或居住稳定性的变化）破坏了双向交换和集体效力。但是，机制似乎都没有调解凶杀案的关系，这两个调解人与杀人案的发生率也没有显着相互作用。研究结果表明，当代和历史街区的劣势都与凶杀率显着相关，这支持了对情况，社会中介人和凶杀之间联系的动态观察。