ABSTRACT

This article examines the 2009–2015 peace process between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK). It draws from conflict resolution literature to present the five transformers framework that is used to analyse the main transformations the Kurdish conflict in Turkey has undergone during the past two decades. The article argues that the peace process was not an outcome of external intervention but was an organic process derived of powerful, post-nationalist intellectual leadership where strategic calculations about the benefits of peace motivated dialogue. It concludes that the peace process collapsed due to context and structural transformations following war in Syria and Iraq that empowered the Kurdish PKK movement in a sudden, rapid and large fashion. The result caused strong Turkish fears about implications to status quo. In the end, the parties returned to war in order to gain more control and concessions from future negotiations. Concurring with the authors of the five transformers framework, the personal tranformation of a leader strengthens potential for dialogue when they have a change of heart about how to resolve the conflict.

摘要

本文研究了土耳其与库尔德工人党（PKK）之间的2009-2015年和平进程。它从冲突解决文献中吸取了五个变压器框架，用于分析土耳其库尔德冲突在过去二十年中经历的主要变革。文章认为，和平进程不是外部干预的结果，而是由强大的后民族主义知识分子领导派生的有机过程，在此过程中，有关和平利益的战略计算可促进对话。它的结论是，由于叙利亚和伊拉克战争爆发后，背景和结构的转变使和平进程瓦解了，这场战争以突然，迅速和大规模的方式赋予了库尔德人库尔德工人党运动权力。结果导致土耳其人强烈担心对现状的影响。到底，各方重返战争，以便从未来的谈判中获得更多控制权和让步。与五个变形者框架的作者一样，当领导人对如何解决冲突持坚定态度时，领导人的个人转变也增强了对话的潜力。