The way in which humans organize their social and family lives is a defining feature of our species. Base camps, places to which food is carried and shared, and where many other activities occur, are central features in the lives of hunter-gatherers. Paleoanthropologists have been occupied with the search for base camps/home bases among early hominins for decades. Evidence now suggests that this essential feature of human life emerged in the Middle Pleistocene by around 400,000 years ago in the stem lineage that gave rise to Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. Choices of where to live, the organization of stone tool making, butchery patterns, and widespread evidence of controlled use of fire around this time suggest a profound reorganization of the socioeconomics of daily life. These Middle Pleistocene campsites may not have functioned in exactly the same ways as those of more recent periods. They nonetheless set the stage for the evolution of many fundamental human tendencies and behavioral institutions.

中文翻译：

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中更新世的壁炉和家园

人类组织社会和家庭生活的方式是我们物种的一个决定性特征。大本营是运送和分享食物的地方，以及许多其他活动发生的地方，是狩猎采集者生活的核心特征。几十年来，古人类学家一直致力于在早期人类中寻找大本营/家园。现在的证据表明，人类生活的这一基本特征大约在 40 万年前出现在中更新世的干谱系中，该谱系产生了尼安德特人和解剖学上的现代人类。居住地点的选择、石器制造的组织、屠宰模式以及在这个时期控制使用火的广泛证据表明日常生活的社会经济学发生了深刻的重组。这些中更新世营地的运作方式可能与最近时期的营地不同。尽管如此，它们还是为许多基本人类倾向和行为制度的演变奠定了基础。