While it is well known that Plutarch’s De facie in orbe lunae was a major source of inspiration for Galileo’s Sidereus nuncius, its influence on his Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo, and especially on his views on gravity, has not been sufficiently explored. This essay offers the first systematic comparison of Plutarch’s and Galileo’s accounts of gravity by focusing on four themes: the thought experiment of a stone falling in a tunnel passing through the center of the Earth; the account of gravity as a tendency to unite with the whole; the view that the Moon is a separate center of attraction; and the impossibility of attraction by an incorporeal point. The essay analyzes the role that these themes play in De facie and in the Dialogo, trying to understand how Galileo appropriated, reworked, and expanded on Plutarch’s views.

中文翻译：

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运动到中心还是运动到整体？普鲁塔克对重力的看法及其对伽利略的影响

虽然众所周知，普鲁塔克的《月球表面》是伽利略的《太阳神》的主要灵感来源，但它对他的《天体对话》的影响，尤其是对他对重力的看法的影响尚未得到充分探讨。本文通过关注四个主题，首次系统地比较了普鲁塔克和伽利略对重力的解释：石头落入穿过地心的隧道的思想实验；将重力视为与整体结合的趋势；月球是一个独立的吸引力中心的观点；以及不可能被一个无形的点吸引。这篇文章分析了这些主题在“事实”和“对话”中所扮演的角色，试图理解伽利略是如何挪用、改造和扩展普鲁塔克的观点的。