Each of these works is evidence that there is still plenty of life in the Darwin industry. Alistair Sponsel’s Darwin’s Evolving Identity tells a story of Darwin’s early career as a useful source for thinking about the sociology of science in the nineteenth century, which in turn requires us to rethink Darwin. Louis B. Rosenblatt’s Buckets from an English Sea also focuses on the culture and ideas that shaped Darwin’s ideas. In his case the year 1832 is particularly important, for it was in this year that Darwin encountered the natives of Tierra del Fuego, a meeting that challenged his fundamental beliefs about the innate goodness of mankind. Sponsel’s book is a fine piece of scholarship in which he shows us just how deeply Darwin’s theorizing relied on the methods of scientific practice he employed. In the process Sponsel suggests correctives to the work of a number of significant scholars. Darwin had his first practical geological field experience while on a two-week excursion with Adam Sedgwick, but Sponsel argues that what mattered more were the hydrographic techniques he learned from his Beagle shipmates. Thus, although Jim Endersby argued in Imperial Nature (Chicago, 2008) that scientific practice had been overlooked in what he considered an overly narrow focus on theory development in the history of science, Sponsel’s work shows that Darwin’s practice was fundamental to his theorizing, for not only were the “leaping pole” and the ship’s sounding lead vital for Darwin’s empirical researches on the nature and composition of coral reefs, but without them he could not have reasoned like “an amphibious being,” as Charles Lyell had argued an ideal geologist might. Sandra Herbert’s Charles Darwin, Geologist (Cornell, 2005), was an important reminder that Darwin was first and foremost a geologist. However, where Herbert argued that Darwin’s

中文翻译：

---

科学人的塑造：达尔文在变革时期的发展

这些作品中的每一个都证明达尔文工业仍然有很多生命。Alistair Sponsel 的 Darwin's Evolving Identity 讲述了达尔文早期职业生涯的故事，作为思考 19 世纪科学社会学的有用资源，这反过来要求我们重新思考达尔文。Louis B. Rosenblatt's Buckets from an English Sea 也关注塑造达尔文思想的文化和思想。对他而言，1832 年尤为重要，因为就在这一年，达尔文遇到了火地岛的土著，这次会议挑战了他关于人类与生俱来的善良的基本信念。Sponsel 的书是一篇优秀的学术著作，他向我们展示了达尔文的理论在多大程度上依赖于他所采用的科学实践方法。在这个过程中，Sponsel 对许多重要学者的工作提出了修正建议。达尔文在与亚当·塞奇威克 (Adam Sedgwick) 进行为期两周的远足时获得了他的第一次实际地质实地经验，但斯庞塞尔认为，更重要的是他从比格犬船友那里学到的水文技术。因此，尽管吉姆·恩德斯比在《帝国自然》（芝加哥，2008 年）中辩称，由于他认为科学史中对理论发展的关注过于狭隘，科学实践被忽视了，但斯庞塞尔的工作表明，达尔文的实践是他的理论化的基础，因为不仅“跳杆”和船的测深线对于达尔文关于珊瑚礁的性质和组成的实证研究至关重要，而且没有它们，他就无法像“两栖生物，”正如查尔斯·莱尔（Charles Lyell）所说，理想的地质学家可能会这样做。Sandra Herbert 的 Charles Darwin, Geologist（康奈尔大学，2005 年）提醒我们，达尔文首先是一位地质学家。然而，赫伯特认为达尔文的