The arrival of Belgian rule in the late nineteenth century initiated significant changes in the labor history of Tanganyika, a province in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), as well the discursive regimes used to legitimize these transformations. After the colonial conquests, unfree labor was justified by paternalistic rather than mythical discourses. Although unfree labor was less common in the postcolonial period, the state forced farmers to sell crops at low prices and build roads for no remuneration. In the Cold War context, the language and practice of developmentalism mediated the coercive practices of the independent Congolese state (known as Zaire, 1971–1997). The floundering Zairian government expanded its presence in Tanganyika due to its partnership with USAID. USAID's rhetoric and practice was influenced by a “bottom up” approach to agricultural production, but the cuts to its funding in the 1980s meant it struggled to soften Mobutu's coercive administration.

中文翻译：

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比利时统治及其来世：刚果民主共和国东南部坦any尼喀区的殖民主义，发展主义和蒙巴托主义，1885-1985年

比利时统治于19世纪后期到来，这使刚果民主共和国东南部坦any尼喀（Tanganyika）的劳工历史发生了重大变化，而用来使这些转变合法化的话语权也随之而来。在殖民地征服之后，不自由的劳动被家长式的说法而不是神话般的话辩解。尽管在后殖民时期非自由劳动较少见，但该州强迫农民以低价出售农作物，并修建无报酬的道路。在冷战时期，发展主义的语言和实践介导了刚果独立国家的强制性实践（被称为扎伊尔，1971–1997）。由于与美国国际开发署（USAID）建立了伙伴关系，陷入困境的扎伊尔政府扩大了在坦Tang尼喀的业务。你说'