Humans, like other animals, have aptitudes and limitations shaped by natural selection; knowledge of these—along with that of how mammals, including people, form societies and cooperate—can be fruitfully applied to the challenge of biodiversity conservation. Here, we outline the natural principles that might help conservationists (and indeed any other group concerned with political problems) get the best outcomes by aligning efforts with the grain of nature, rather than against it; we call this approach 'Natural Governance'. We illustrate the value of this perspective with reference to two aspects of conservation strategy—rethinking the spatial scales at which it is effective to plan conservation and energising human society to care enough to enable it. A Natural Governance approach stands on three critical pillars: (1) ecology (the dynamic balance between organisms and their environment), (2) cooperation (adaptations to act collectively even where this incurs short-term costs to self-interest), and (3) cultural systems (how these adaptations are manifested and vary across societies). It is commonly assumed that human society stems purely from political or socially-constructed influences. The biological perspective does not say that these influences are unimportant, but it reveals viewing humanity out of the evolutionary context to be a cripplingly narrow picture.

中文翻译：

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致力于对地球生物多样性和资源进行更自然的治理

人类和其他动物一样，具有因自然选择而形成的才能和局限性。这些知识以及哺乳动物（包括人）如何形成社会和合作的知识，可以有效地应用于生物多样性保护的挑战。在这里，我们概述了自然原则，这些原则可以通过使努力与自然相辅相成，而不是与自然相抵触，来帮助保护主义者（以及与政治问题有关的任何其他团体）获得最佳结果。我们称这种方法为“自然治理”。我们参考保护策略的两个方面说明了这种观点的价值-重新思考了有效计划保护的空间尺度，并激励人类社会进行足够的关注以实现这一目标。自然治理方法立足于三个关键支柱：（1）生态（生物与环境之间的动态平衡），（2）合作（即使在这种行为会导致短期利益的情况下采取集体行动的适应措施）和（3）文化系统（如何体现这些适应性）并因社会而异）。通常认为，人类社会完全来自政治或社会建构的影响。从生物学的角度来看，这些影响并不重要，但它揭示了从进化的角度看待人类是一幅极其狭窄的图画。通常认为，人类社会完全来自政治或社会建构的影响。从生物学的角度来看，这些影响并不重要，但它揭示了从进化的角度看待人类是一幅极其狭窄的图画。通常认为，人类社会完全来自政治或社会建构的影响。从生物学的角度来看，这些影响并不重要，但它揭示了从进化的角度看待人类是一幅极其狭窄的图画。