Adil Ahmad Haque argues that civilians who contribute to unjust lethal threats in war, but who do not directly participate in the war, are not liable to defensive killing. His argument rests on two central claims: first, that the extent of a person’s liability to defensive harm in virtue of contributing to an unjust threat is limited to the cost that she is initially required to bear in order to avoid contributing, and second, that civilians need not bear lethal costs in order to avoid indirectly contributing to unjust lethal threats. I argue that Haque’s defense of each claim fails.

中文翻译：

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民事责任

阿迪尔·艾哈迈德·哈克 (Adil Ahmad Haque) 认为，在战争中造成不公正致命威胁但不直接参与战争的平民，不会受到防御性杀戮。他的论点基于两个核心主张：第一，一个人因促成不公正威胁而承担的防御性伤害责任的范围仅限于她最初为避免做出贡献而需要承担的成本；第二，平民无需承担致命成本以避免间接促成不公正的致命威胁。我认为哈克对每项索赔的辩护都失败了。