This paper is about rewilding and the tensions it involves. Rewilding is a relatively novel approach to nature conservation, which seeks to be proactive and ambitious in the face of continuing environmental decline. Whilst definitions of rewilding place a strong emphasis on non-human agency, it is an inescapably human aspiration resulting in a range of social conflicts. The paper focuses on the case study of the Cambrian Wildwood project in Mid Wales (UK), evaluating the ways in which debate and strategic action to advance rewilding is proceeding, assessing the extent to which compromise and learning has occurred amongst advocates. As such, we provide an important addition to the field, by detailing how conflicts play out over time and how actors’ positioning and approach shifts, and why. In this case, tempers have flared around the threat that rewilding is seen to pose to resident farming communities. Tensions discussed include the differing social constructions of landscape and nature involved; the distribution of impacts on different stakeholders; and the relative power of different actors to make decisions and gain representation. Responding to these, the paper outlines how rewilding advocates havesought to advance a more peopled and culturally responsive vision, whichseeks to champion sustainable livelihood strategies. The changes in approach detailed demonstrate a reflexive stance from rewilders, which suggests that learning and adaptation can occur. Nonetheless, caution is expressed regarding the extent to which rewilding can truly advance inclusive opportunities for rural change, given a continued return amongst stakeholders to exclusionary narratives of belonging and authenticity, suggesting substantive difficulty in moving beyond longstanding concerns over identity and the re-imagination of place. Rewilding, it would seem, is about who we think we are and how we co-constitute our sense of self. We, therefore, close by arguing that tactics and politicking can only have so much bearing, tensions over rewilding are unavoidably emotional.

中文翻译：

---

放弃还是重新构想文化中心地带？理解和应对威尔士的野蛮冲突——寒武纪野林的案例

这篇论文是关于野化及其所涉及的紧张局势。Rewilding 是一种相对新颖的自然保护方法，它寻求在面对持续的环境恶化时积极主动和雄心勃勃。虽然重新野化的定义非常强调非人类的能动性，但它是一种不可避免的人类愿望，会导致一系列社会冲突。该论文侧重于威尔士中部（英国）的寒武纪怀尔德伍德项目的案例研究，评估推进野化的辩论和战略行动的进行方式，评估倡导者之间妥协和学习的程度。因此，我们为该领域提供了一个重要的补充，详细说明了冲突如何随着时间的推移而发生以及参与者的定位和方法如何转变以及原因。在这种情况下，人们对野化对当地农业社区构成的威胁大发雷霆。所讨论的紧张局势包括所涉及的景观和自然的不同社会结构；对不同利益相关者的影响分布；以及不同参与者做出决定和获得代表权的相对权力。针对这些问题，本文概述了野化倡导者如何努力推进更人性化和文化响应性的愿景，该愿景旨在支持可持续生计战略。方法上的变化详细表明了野蛮人的反思性立场，这表明学习和适应是可以发生的。尽管如此，人们对重新野化在多大程度上能够真正促进农村变革的包容性机会表示谨慎，鉴于利益相关者不断回归归属感和真实性的排他性叙述，这表明在超越对身份的长期关注和对地方的重新想象方面存在实质性困难。Rewilding 似乎是关于我们认为我们是谁以及我们如何共同构成我们的自我意识。因此，我们最后认为，策略和政治活动只能产生如此大的影响，重新野化的紧张局势不可避免地是情绪化的。