The sanitary bin and warnings such as ‘Do Not Flush Feminine Products!’ have become a feature of women’s public bathrooms throughout Britain. Begun in the 1950s by familyowned companies such as Personnel Hygiene Services and Cannon Hygiene, and developed into large corporate systems, these items and their cleaning structures have expanded into nearly every university, hospital, office, café, school and gym in the country. This article examines the three historical phases of sanitary bin technology and its meanings. First, the pioneering phase when the bin was needed to tackle the problem of flushing menstrual products and unpopular incinerators, and was developed and popularised by creative entrepreneurs. Second, the environmental phase when campaigners, especially the Women’s Environmental Network, boosted the industry as they called for more regulations regarding menstrual product waste in the 1970s and 80s, leading to the popularisation of the bin exchange and cleaning services now commonplace throughout the UK. Third, the high-tech phase of the 2000s, when the industry sought to reinvent the object by adding no-touch technology, more chemicals, and aesthetic innovations. This article thus presents the sanitary bin in its historical context for the first time, and argues that reveals changing attitudes towards menstruation, the environment, and bathroom politics. Forthcoming in Environment and History ©2019 The White Horse Press www.whpress.co.uk 2

中文翻译：

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“不要冲洗女性用品！” 自 1960 年以来英国卫生桶行业的环境历史、生物危害和规范

卫生桶和警告，例如“请勿冲洗女性用品！” 已成为英国女性公共浴室的一大特色。1950 年代由 Personnel Hygiene Services 和 Cannon Hygiene 等家族企业开始，并发展成为大型企业系统，这些物品及其清洁结构已扩展到该国几乎所有大学、医院、办公室、咖啡馆、学校和健身房。本文考察了卫生桶技术的三个历史阶段及其意义。一是开创性阶段，需要用垃圾桶来解决冲月经产品和不受欢迎的焚化炉的问题，并由创意企业家开发和普及。第二，环保阶段，尤其是妇女环境网络，在 1970 年代和 80 年代，他们呼吁对月经产品废物制定更多法规，从而推动了该行业的发展，从而推动了现在在整个英国司空见惯的垃圾箱交换和清洁服务的普及。第三，2000 年代的高科技阶段，当时该行业试图通过添加非接触式技术、更多化学品和美学创新来重新发明物品。因此，本文首次在其历史背景下展示了卫生桶，并认为它揭示了人们对月经、环境和浴室政治的态度不断变化。即将到来的环境和历史 ©2019 The White Horse Press www.whpress.co.uk 2 2000 年代的高科技阶段，当时该行业试图通过添加非接触式技术、更多化学品和美学创新来重新发明该物品。因此，本文首次在其历史背景下展示了卫生桶，并认为它揭示了人们对月经、环境和浴室政治的态度不断变化。即将到来的环境和历史 ©2019 The White Horse Press www.whpress.co.uk 2 2000 年代的高科技阶段，当时该行业试图通过添加非接触式技术、更多化学品和美学创新来重新发明该物品。因此，本文首次在其历史背景下展示了卫生桶，并认为它揭示了人们对月经、环境和浴室政治的态度不断变化。即将到来的环境和历史 ©2019 The White Horse Press www.whpress.co.uk 2