The physic garden, associated with medical institutions and predominantly for the purpose of training medical students, or for the growing of commercial drugs by apothecaries, was transformed across Europe in the late-eighteenth century. New botanic gardens were created that were organised for the benefit of new audiences extending beyond medical students to those interested in botanical science, agricultural improvements and seeing at first-hand new botanic introductions from around the globe.

中文翻译：

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好奇心和指导：英国和爱尔兰植物园及其观众，1760-1800

物理园与医疗机构有关，主要用于培训医学生或药剂师种植商业药物，在 18 世纪后期在整个欧洲进行了改造。新植物园的建立是为了让新的受众受益，从医学生扩展到对植物科学、农业改良和看到来自世界各地的第一手新植物介绍感兴趣的人。