Introduction In August 1963, the Dutch veterinarian Dan (E.H.) Kampelmacher stepped on a plane to Lima, the capital of Peru. His destination: smelly factories in Lima’s port city which grinded up tiny anchovy fish from the Pacific Ocean into huge amounts of animal feed. Peru exported one fifth of this ‘fishmeal’ to the Netherlands, where farmers used it to feed their quickly rising numbers of chickens and pigs in new intensive livestock or ‘factory’ farms. Kampelmacher was fundamentally interested in creatures even smaller than the anchovy: Salmonella bacteria. Before he travelled to Peru, Kampelmacher had suspected that these germs would like the fishmeal factories, and what he saw in Peru did not reassure him (Figure 1). The fishmeal plants harboured ecosystems of their own. In the open fish pits, Kampelmacher for example observed ‘large numbers of pelicans [...] that both frequently evacuate faeces, and repeatedly vomit after satisfaction’.1 This meant that ships leaving from Peru did not just transport massive amounts of animal feed to farms in the north, but bacteria too. The ports of Lima and Rotterdam connected the ecosystems of Peruvian fishmeal plants and Dutch farms. The journey turned Kampelmacher’s perspective on the problem of Salmonella into an ecological one.2

中文翻译：

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海洋和无地农场：连接工业畜牧业的南部和北部阴影区（1954–1975）

介绍 1963 年 8 月，荷兰兽医丹 (EH) Kampelmacher 踏上飞往秘鲁首都利马的飞机。他的目的地是利马港口城市的臭味工厂，这些工厂将来自太平洋的小鳀鱼磨成大量的动物饲料。秘鲁将这种“鱼粉”的五分之一出口到荷兰，那里的农民用它来喂养新的集约化牲畜或“工厂”农场中迅速增加的鸡和猪。Kampelmacher 从根本上对比鳀鱼还小的生物感兴趣：沙门氏菌。在前往秘鲁之前，坎佩尔马赫就曾怀疑这些病菌会喜欢鱼粉工厂，而他在秘鲁的所见并没有让他放心（图1）。鱼粉植物拥有自己的生态系统。在露天的鱼坑里，例如，Kampelmacher 观察到“大量鹈鹕 [...] 经常排出粪便，并且在满意后反复呕吐”。 1 这意味着从秘鲁出发的船只不仅将大量动物饲料运送到北部的农场，但细菌也是。利马港和鹿特丹港将秘鲁鱼粉厂和荷兰农场的生态系统连接起来。这次旅程将 Kampelmacher 关于沙门氏菌问题的观点转变为生态观点。 2