Protocols are strategies designed to anticipate andmanage emergent contingencies. The concept of protocol originated in the key transitional period in the twelfth-century institutional literacy of post-Roman Europe.This essay aims to account for a crucial but rarely discussed attribute of protocols: that they contain within them processes of critical self-historicization that are fundamental to their basic authorizing procedures. It is both the primary obstacle to and the primary motive for the analysis of protocols that any comment on the history of a protocol must either defend or critique its current configuration. Protocols are techniques, latent in the nature of things, and so their authority is constantly expiring. This means that when one criticizes protocols relentlessly or even rewrites them drastically, one will not only fail to subvert their original authority but will serve on the contrary as a defender of their principles and a mechanism of their persistence. This fact about protocols is enormously important for their analysis and for thinking about the ways in which protocols have shaped the evolution of societies and cultures in the past and in the present. In Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization Alexander Galloway uses the concept of protocol to unpack the ways in which the apparent affordances and freedoms of the internet actually constrain and control internet users.Working with terms and concepts fromGilles Deleuze’s “Postscript on Control Societies,” Galloway defines protocol as follows: “Protocol is a language that regulates flow, directs netspace, codes relationships, and connects life-forms. . . . Protocol is how control exists after distribution achieves hegemony as a formal diagram. It is etiquette for autonomous

中文翻译：

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协议，或“对象的骑士精神”

协议是旨在预测和管理突发事件的策略。礼宾的概念起源于 12 世纪后罗马欧洲制度素养的关键过渡时期。 本文旨在解释礼宾的一个关键但很少讨论的属性：它们包含在其中的批判性自我历史化过程是其基本授权程序的基础。对协议历史的任何评论都必须捍卫或批评其当前配置，这是分析协议的主要障碍和主要动机。协议是一种技术，潜藏在事物的本质中，因此它们的权威会不断失效。这意味着当人们无情地批评协议甚至彻底重写它们时，一个人不仅不会颠覆他们原有的权威，反而会成为他们原则的捍卫者和他们坚持的机制。关于协议的这一事实对于他们的分析和思考协议在过去和现在塑造社会和文化演变的方式非常重要。在协议中：权力下放后控制如何存在 Alexander Galloway 使用协议的概念来解开互联网的明显可见性和自由实际上限制和控制互联网用户的方式。使用吉尔·德勒兹的“控制社会后记”中的术语和概念， Galloway 对协议的定义如下：“协议是一种调节流动、指导网络空间、编码关系和连接生命形式的语言。. . . 协议是分配实现霸权后控制如何存在的形式图。这是自主的礼仪