During the eighteenth century, Germans from the Hessian county of Hanau-Munzenberg emigrated westward to the American colonies, and east to Hungary, Russia, and other parts of Europe. Using new emigrant data, I examine their age, occupation, and emigration strategies. Those who settled in Pennsylvania were the richest of these emigrants, more likely to travel as intact families and the most networked. The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, mostly in 1766. A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in Pennsylvania, suggesting that eighteenth-century German emigration to Hungary and Russia has possibly been overestimated.

中文翻译：

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来自哈瑙-黑森州的 18 世纪德国移民：谁向东，谁向西

十八世纪，来自哈瑙-蒙曾贝格黑森州的德国人向西迁移到美洲殖民地，向东迁移到匈牙利、俄罗斯和欧洲其他地区。使用新的移民数据，我检查了他们的年龄、职业和移民策略。那些定居在宾夕法尼亚州的移民是这些移民中最富有的人，他们更有可能作为完整的家庭和最有联系的人旅行。最贫穷的是前往俄罗斯的黑森人，大部分是在 1766 年。很大一部分哈瑙-黑森人在宾夕法尼亚定居，这表明 18 世纪德国移民到匈牙利和俄罗斯的人数可能被高估了。