Ever since research on the Hanse began in the nineteenth century, there have been repeated efforts to redefine the boundaries and the core of the phenomenon. Views of the Hanse have evolved, and it has been seen by turns as a profoundly German league of towns, and as a network or organisation of towns and traders that was present in commercial centres and harbours from Novgorod to Portugal, and from Norway to Italy. In more general discussions on the institutional development of commerce in Europe, many of them influenced by the New Institutional Economics, the Hanse has even appeared as a mega-guild. The revival of the field of institutional economics and the history of commerce in pre-modern Europe has recently spawned a reappraisal of Hanseatic sources. The present article contributes to this debate by arguing that from the perspective of conflict management, the late medieval and early modern Hanse was an institution. There were several institutional mechanisms, such as a strong preference for mediation and arbitration in conflicts between individuals, as well as a mediation strategy for internal conflicts between towns. All of these mechanisms combined in a multifaceted institution of conflict management, which represented the added value of Hanse membership for traders, and for their towns.

中文翻译：

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中世纪晚期和现代早期的汉斯作为冲突管理机构

自 19 世纪开始对汉萨的研究以来，人们不断努力重新定义这一现象的边界和核心。Hanse 的观点已经演变，它被轮流视为一个深刻的德国城镇联盟，以及一个城镇和商人的网络或组织，存在于从诺夫哥罗德到葡萄牙，从挪威到意大利的商业中心和港口. 在关于欧洲商业制度发展的更广泛的讨论中，其中许多受到新制度经济学的影响，汉斯甚至以一个大型行会的形式出现。制度经济学领域的复兴和前现代欧洲的商业史最近催生了对汉萨渊源的重新评估。本文通过论证从冲突管理的角度来看，中世纪晚期和现代早期的汉斯是一种制度，从而为这场辩论做出了贡献。有几种制度机制，例如对个人之间冲突的调解和仲裁的强烈偏好，以及城镇之间的内部冲突的调解策略。所有这些机制结合在一个多方面的冲突管理机构中，这代表了 Hanse 会员资格对商人和他们的城镇的附加价值。