The social and economic position of lodgers in Europe and North America has attracted considerable scholarship, yet the financial and interpersonal relationships between lodgers and boarders and their hosts in working-class homes is somewhat underdeveloped. This article examines patterns of lodging and boarding in working-class homes in Scotland between 1861 and 1911, focusing upon multiple layers of connection between paying guests and householders. This article demonstrates that connections had national and ethnic roots, and that taking in lodgers and boarders was of prime cultural and economic importance for many. The ability to offer space played a crucial role in the social and economic status of single, separated and widowed women, and this article offers an insight into the sometimes troubled relationships between landladies and their tenants.

中文翻译：

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二十世纪早期苏格兰的食宿实践

欧洲和北美房客的社会和经济地位吸引了相当多的学者，但房客和寄宿生以及工薪阶层家庭中的主人之间的财务和人际关系有些欠发达。本文考察了 1861 年至 1911 年间苏格兰工人阶级家庭的住宿和寄宿模式，重点关注付费客人和住户之间的多层联系。这篇文章表明，联系具有民族和种族根源，接纳寄宿生和寄宿生对许多人来说具有重要的文化和经济意义。提供空间的能力对单身、分居和丧偶妇女的社会和经济地位起着至关重要的作用，