In 1974, Portugal's Carnation Revolution, initiated by the military, received huge popular support. Army officers, mostly of the rank of captain, started the Revolution, but then the politicians took over. While it was largely a ‘top down’ revolution, at the local government level ordinary people assumed control. In this article we consider those who made up the local elites before the Revolution, during the transition period that followed, and thereafter. We compare the local elites in Portugal during Salazar's dictatorship with those under the Democratic regime, using a database of 6,000 entries containing details of 3,102 mayors and deputy mayors and 402 civil governors who held office between 1936 and 2013. Our main conclusions are that during the transition period the elite who had ruled under Salazar were almost completely replaced. A new group, from different professions and social backgrounds, took up the reins of local government. The Revolution produced a population willing to participate in the new order and take on roles within local government, but they did not always retain their seats after the first democratic elections.

中文翻译：

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地方政府的革命：1974 年前后葡萄牙的市长

1974年，由军方发起的葡萄牙康乃馨革命得到了广泛的支持。陆军军官，主要是上尉军衔，开始了革命，但随后政客接手了。虽然这在很大程度上是一场“自上而下”的革命，但在地方政府层面，普通民众掌握了控制权。在这篇文章中，我们考虑了那些在革命前、随后的过渡时期以及之后的地方精英组成的人。我们使用包含 6,000 条条目的数据库，将 1936 年至 2013 年期间任职的 3,102 名市长和副市长以及 402 名文职州长的详细信息进行比较，将萨拉查独裁统治期间的葡萄牙地方精英与民主政权下的精英进行比较。我们的主要结论是过渡时期，曾经统治过萨拉查的精英们几乎被完全取代。一个来自不同职业和社会背景的新团体接管了当地政府。革命产生了愿意参与新秩序并在地方政府中发挥作用的人口，但他们在第一次民主选举后并不总是保留自己的席位。