This article revalorises women's protest and popular political ideas in history. A case study focusing on three cities of the Low Countries shows that not only men, but also women were involved when it came to spreading subversive ideas, undermining the authority of urban governors, and mobilising discontent. The analysis of fifteenth-century records of repression from Antwerp, Mechelen and Leuven demonstrates that both male and female commoners permanently strove to change the governmental practices in town by using contentious speech.

中文翻译：

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十五世纪布拉班特的妇女和有争议的演讲

这篇文章重新评估了历史上女性的抗议和流行的政治思想。一项针对低地国家三个城市的案例研究表明，在传播颠覆性思想、削弱城市管理者的权威和动员不满情绪时，不仅男性而且女性也参与其中。对来自安特卫普、梅赫伦和鲁汶的 15 世纪镇压记录的分析表明，男性和女性平民都一直在努力通过使用有争议的言论来改变镇上的政府行为。