While the Viennese origins of key neoliberal intellectuals is well known, the formative influence of the Habsburg Empire on their thought is surprisingly understudied. This article argues that the empire was a silent and open partner in the writings of Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises on international order, especially on questions of migration and the management of a polyglot population. After 1918 Mises conceived of robust forms of multinational governance capable of protecting a world of what he called ‘perfect capitalism’ with total global mobility of labour, capital and commodities. Yet, by 1945 he had scaled back his proposals to the effective recreation of the Habsburg Empire. I show that Mises’s international theory was cleft by a faultline between a normative theory of an open borders world and the empirical reality of a closed borders world, underwritten by what he saw as the stubborn obstacles of human ignorance and racial animus.

中文翻译：

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完美资本主义，不完美的人类：种族、移民和路德维希·冯·米塞斯全球主义的局限

虽然重要的新自由主义知识分子的维也纳起源众所周知，但哈布斯堡帝国对他们思想的形成影响却令人惊讶地没有得到充分研究。本文认为，在奥地利经济学家路德维希·冯·米塞斯（Ludwig von Mises）关于国际秩序的著作中，帝国是一个沉默而开放的伙伴，尤其是在移民问题和多语言人口管理方面。1918 年之后，米塞斯构想了强有力的跨国治理形式，能够保护他所谓的“完美资本主义”世界，劳动力、资本和商品在全球范围内完全流动。然而，到 1945 年，他已经缩减了对有效重建哈布斯堡帝国的建议。