Scholars have treated British colonial rule in India and the internal colonization of the United States in the nineteenth century as analytically distinct moments. Yet these far-flung imperial projects shared a common set of anxieties regarding land and labor. This paper seeks to conceptualize the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 in India and the Indian Appropriation Acts of 1851–1871 in the United States as part of a congruent effort to manage and define the labor force in the context of the intensified expropriation of land. In the complement to agricultural improvement programs, British and American colonizers sought to rehabilitate itinerant populations to create a labor pool endowed with suitable qualities for unleashing the productive capacity of land. While in India the cumulative effect of criminal tribes legislation was inclusive in that members of criminal tribes were purportedly reformed in preparation for joining the colonial labor force, reservation policy in the United States excluded Native Americans from lands that were the preserve of white labor while simultaneously laying the groundwork for assimilation.

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劳动力立法：1870-1915 年印度和美国的定居和发展

学者们将 19 世纪英国在印度的殖民统治和美国的内部殖民视为分析上截然不同的时刻。然而，这些遥远的帝国项目在土地和劳动力方面有着共同的焦虑。本文试图将印度 1871 年的刑事部落法和美国 1851-1871 年的印度拨款法概念化，作为在土地征用加剧的背景下管理和定义劳动力的一致努力的一部分。作为对农业改良计划的补充，英国和美国的殖民者试图恢复流动人口，以创造一个具有适当素质的劳动力库，以释放土地的生产能力。