IBM has been the subject of considerable study by historians, economists, business management professors, and journalists. This essay surveys the various writings on the company, placing their contributions in a roughly chronological account of the company's history, from its early days in tabulating through to its dominance of global markets in computing. The essay includes well-known studies of IBM in addition to more obscure accounts. It emphasizes the need to consider the company's culture along with its technological and managerial changes in order to grasp the reasons for its longevity.

中文翻译：

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IBM 的变革与连续性：IBM 历史中的关键主题

IBM 一直是历史学家、经济学家、企业管理教授和记者进行大量研究的主题。这篇文章调查了有关该公司的各种著作，将他们的贡献大致按时间顺序记录了该公司的历史，从早期的制表到其在全球计算市场的主导地位。除了更晦涩的描述之外，这篇文章还包括对 IBM 的著名研究。它强调需要考虑公司的文化以及其技术和管理变革，以了解其长寿的原因。