It is generally acknowledged that museums were an essential part of the national project in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Europe—and some retain this function even today. Classic works in nationalism studies, such as Eric Hobsbawm's, have highlighted the role they played in the birth of modern nations. Subsequent studies that focused on specific national contexts help us better understand the mechanisms by which museums contributed to the invention of national traditions as well as to the formation of historical consciousness, historical memory, and the functioning of modern states. As these and other scholars of museum history also demonstrate, museum founders, directors, curators, and the broader public were driven by agendas and aspirations other than nation-building within these larger processes. Analyzing how these agendas mixed with the aims of the national project in a specific locality in the making of museums can generate new insights into the formation of modern subjectivities in this period.

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城市与博物馆：19 世纪克拉科夫的藏品及其公众

人们普遍承认，博物馆是 19 世纪和 20 世纪早期欧洲国家项目的重要组成部分——有些甚至在今天仍保留着这一功能。民族主义研究中的经典著作，如埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆（Eric Hobsbawm）的著作，强调了它们在现代国家诞生过程中所扮演的角色。随后针对特定国家背景的研究有助于我们更好地理解博物馆对国家传统的发明以及历史意识、历史记忆和现代国家运作的形成做出贡献的机制。正如这些和其他博物馆历史学者所表明的那样，博物馆的创始人、馆长、策展人和广大公众在这些更大的过程中受制于国家建设以外的议程和愿望。