B aron Franz von der Trenck might not now be a household name, but in the eighteenth century, he was notorious for the blood-curdling excesses of the soldiers under his command and an approach to war on behalf of Queen Empress Maria Theresa that appeared to defy the tenets of the age. As one biography described, “The thirty-eight year lifespan of the pandur general Franz Baron von der Trenck was a symphony of violence and death.” On the other side of the Prussian-Austrian conflict, Friedrich von der Trenck was iconic in different ways, with a career that careened from the military under Frederick II, to prison, and lastly to the guillotine in Paris. In service to their monarchs and in pursuit of personal advancement, security, and adventure, the Trenck cousins collided with each other at various points, demonstrating what it meant for nobles to be both architects and victims of fame, reputation, and slander. After Franz's death in prison, Friedrich, for his own reasons, had a hand in shaping the reputation of his cousin as a larger-than-life military man with an affinity for particular types of violence. However, Friedrich was not the only curator of Franz's legacy and others took part during and after Franz's life in the adulteration and appropriation of his life narrative. As a military man, Franz von der Trenck weaponized his own reputation, but its plasticity continued far after his death because he served as a stand-in for a variety of cultural inquiries, anxieties, and hopes beyond military practices and the laws of war. The subtexts of those narratives reveal particular cultural fault lines salient not just in the eighteenth century but also long after, including the constructed, imaginary boundary between the civilized and uncivilized in time and geography. Legends about Trenck drew on tropes about an uncivilized past through the ostensible space between a cultured European center and a wild Slavic or Turkic periphery. The boundary of civilization was not the only theme threaded through stories about Trenck. The nature of his violence was condemned by many and featured in his downfall, but there was also a subterranean admiration for a man who appeared to glorify war as an essential, formative masculine adventure and who romanticized the transgression of rape in war. Beginning with Friedrich and resonating still in twentieth-century nationalist iterations of Trenck is the idolization of a figure who seemed to transcend the petty morality or narrow-mindedness of those who judged him.

中文翻译：

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弗朗茨·冯·德·特伦克的多重​​生活

Baron Franz von der Trenck 现在可能不是一个家喻户晓的名字，但在 18 世纪，他以他指挥下的士兵令人毛骨悚然的暴行以及代表皇后玛丽亚·特蕾莎 (Maria Theresa) 发动战争的方式而臭名昭著。违背时代的原则。正如一本传记所描述的那样，“潘杜将军弗朗茨·巴伦·冯·德·特伦克 (Franz Baron von der Trenck) 的三十八年寿命是一首暴力与死亡的交响曲。” 在普鲁士与奥地利冲突的另一边，弗里德里希·冯·德·特伦克以不同的方式成为标志性人物，他的职业生涯从腓特烈二世时期的军队到监狱，最后到巴黎的断头台。为了为他们的君主服务，为了追求个人进步、安全和冒险，特伦克表兄弟在不同的地方相互冲突，展示了贵族既是建筑师又是名誉、名誉和诽谤的受害者意味着什么。在弗朗茨在监狱中去世后，弗里德里希出于自己的原因，参与塑造了他的堂兄作为一个对特定类型暴力有亲和力的超凡军人的声誉。然而，弗里德里希并不是弗朗茨遗产的唯一策展人，其他人在弗朗茨生前和生后参与了他的生活叙事的掺假和挪用。作为一名军人，弗朗茨·冯·德·特伦克 (Franz von der Trenck) 将自己的名誉武器化，但在他死后，这种可塑性仍在继续，因为他充当了超越军事实践和战争法的各种文化探究、焦虑和希望的替身。这些叙述的潜台词揭示了特定的文化断层线，不仅在 18 世纪而且在很久以后也很突出，包括在时间和地理上文明与未开化之间构建的、想象的边界。关于特伦克的传说通过文明的欧洲中心和狂野的斯拉夫或突厥外围之间的表面空间，借鉴了关于未开化的过去的比喻。文明的边界并不是贯穿关于特伦克的故事的唯一主题。许多人谴责他的暴力性质，并在他的垮台中体现了这一点，但对于一个似乎将战争美化为必不可少的、形成性的男性冒险并将战争中强奸的违法行为浪漫化的人，也有一种地下的钦佩。