Historically speaking, criminological theory tends to pay great attention to identifying the various sources of criminal motivation while downplaying the opportunity to carry out crime in particular situations. However, perspectives that address situational opportunity have gained tremendous traction in the field over the past several decades to the point that there is now a substantial body of theory and research on the issue. This article reviews such theory and research within the context of four overlapping yet distinct lines of inquiry. First, we review scholarship that uses situational opportunity to understand individual victimization. Second, we discuss theory and research that link situational opportunity and high-crime places. Third, we explore scholarship that embraces a multicontextual opportunity perspective to understand crime and victimization events within neighborhood contexts. Fourth, we examine work that integrates situational opportunity into explanations of offending.

中文翻译：

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犯罪的情境机会理论

从历史上讲，犯罪学理论倾向于高度重视识别犯罪动机的各种来源，同时轻视在特定情况下进行犯罪的机会。然而，在过去的几十年中，解决情景机会的观点在该领域中获得了极大的关注，以至于现在对此问题已有大量的理论和研究。本文在四个重叠但截然不同的研究领域中回顾了这种理论和研究。首先，我们回顾利用情况机会了解个人受害情况的奖学金。其次，我们讨论将情境机会与高犯罪率场所联系起来的理论和研究。第三，我们探索了包含多语境机会视角的奖学金，以了解社区环境中的犯罪和受害事件。第四，我们研究将情境机会纳入犯罪解释的工作。