Scholars who study immigrant economic progress often point to the success of Southern and Eastern Europeans who entered the United States in the early 20th century and draw inferences about whether today’s immigrants will follow a similar trajectory. However, little is known about the mechanisms that allowed for European upward advancement. This article begins to fill this gap by analyzing how naturalization policies influenced the economic success of immigrants across generations. Specifically, the author creates new panel data sets that follow immigrants and their children across complete-count U.S. censuses to understand the economic consequences of citizenship attainment. The author finds that naturalization raised occupational attainment for the first generation that then allowed children to have greater educational attainment and labor market success. He argues that economic progress was conditioned by political statuses for European-origin groups during the first half of the 20th century.

中文翻译：

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公民优势：大规模移民时代的移民社会经济成就

研究移民经济进步的学者经常指出南欧和东欧人在 20 世纪初进入美国的成功，并推断今天的移民是否会遵循类似的轨迹。然而，人们对欧洲向上发展的机制知之甚少。本文开始通过分析入籍政策如何影响几代移民的经济成功来填补这一空白。具体而言，作者创建了新的面板数据集，跟踪美国完整人口普查中的移民及其子女，以了解获得公民身份的经济后果。作者发现，入籍提高了第一代的职业成就，然后让孩子们获得了更高的教育成就和劳动力市场的成功。他认为，经济进步取决于 20 世纪上半叶欧洲裔群体的政治地位。