The authors propose and test the concept of categorical manipulation, a process in which subordinate group demands for greater access to high-status categories are met with reversals in the hierarchy of existing categories. The analysis addresses a school district’s response to pressure from a racial desegregation movement to improve black access to a high-status majority-white disability category. The district complied, but it also allowed whites to migrate to a low-status majority-black category, from which blacks then were excluded. This category was enhanced with benefits desirable to whites. The original categorical hierarchy was restored during resegregation 20 years later. In categorical manipulation, subordinate groups gain greater access to high-status categories, but these categories suffer in value as dominant groups reaffiliate with previously low-status categories, which may be revised for improvements. This is different from more familiar forms of resistance to change such as symbolic compliance, ritualization, and tokenism.

中文翻译：

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按组织分类：在种族隔离的学区操纵残疾类别

作者提出并测试了类别操纵的概念，在这个过程中，下属群体对更高地位类别的更多访问需求与现有类别的层次结构发生逆转。该分析解决了学区对种族隔离运动压力的反应，以改善黑人获得高地位的多数白人残疾类别的机会。该地区遵守了，但它也允许白人迁移到低地位的多数黑人类别，然后黑人被排除在外。这一类别得到了白人所需的好处。在 20 年后的重新种族隔离期间，原来的分类等级得以恢复。在分类操纵中，下属群体获得更高地位的分类的更多机会，但这些类别的价值受到影响，因为主导群体重新隶属于以前地位较低的类别，可能会进行修订以进行改进。这与更常见的抵制变革的形式不同，例如象征性的服从、仪式化和象征主义。