Shifting from shellfish collecting to fishing as a primary coastal foraging strategy can allow hunter-gatherers to obtain more food and settle in larger populations. On California's northern Channel Islands (NCI), after the development of the single-piece shell fishhook around 2500 cal BP, diet expanded from primarily shellfish to include nearshore fishes in greater numbers. During the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (1150–600 cal BP), settlement on the islands condensed to a small number of large coastal villages with high population densities supported largely by nearshore fish species including rockfishes, surfperches, and señoritas. Faunal data from five sites on western Santa Rosa Island (CA-SRI-15, -31, -97, -313, and -333) demonstrate an increase in nearshore fishing through time. We argue that demographic changes that occurred on the northern Channel Islands were accompanied by changes in subsistence strategies that were related in part to risk of failure when attempting to acquire different resources. As population density increased, the low-risk strategy of shellfish harvesting declined in relative importance as a higher-risk strategy of nearshore fishing increased. While multiple simultaneous subsistence strategies are frequently noted among individual hunter-gatherer communities in the ethnographic record, this study provides a framework to observe similar patterns in the archaeological record.

中文翻译：

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加利福尼亚州西圣罗莎岛的捕鱼、生计变化和觅食策略

从贝类采集转向捕鱼作为主要的沿海觅食策略可以让狩猎采集者获得更多食物并在更大的种群中定居。在加利福尼亚州的北海峡群岛 (NCI)，在开发了约 2500 cal BP 的单件贝类鱼钩后，饮食从主要的贝类扩展到更多数量的近岸鱼类。在中世纪气候异常（1150-600 cal BP）期间，岛上的定居点凝聚成少数人口密度高的大型沿海村庄，主要由近岸鱼类支持，包括石斑鱼、冲浪者和 señoritas。来自圣罗莎岛西部五个地点（CA-SRI-15、-31、-97、-313 和 -333）的动物群数据表明，随着时间的推移，近岸捕鱼有所增加。我们认为，海峡群岛北部发生的人口变化伴随着生存策略的变化，这些变化部分与尝试获取不同资源时失败的风险有关。随着人口密度的增加，贝类捕捞的低风险策略相对重要性下降，因为近岸捕捞的高风险策略增加。虽然在人种学记录中，个体狩猎采集者社区经常注意到多种同时的生存策略，但本研究提供了一个框架来观察考古记录中的类似模式。随着近岸捕捞的高风险战略增加，贝类捕捞的低风险战略相对重要性下降。虽然在人种学记录中，个体狩猎采集者社区经常注意到多种同时的生存策略，但本研究提供了一个框架来观察考古记录中的类似模式。随着近岸捕捞的高风险战略增加，贝类捕捞的低风险战略相对重要性下降。虽然在人种学记录中，个体狩猎采集者社区经常注意到多种同时的生存策略，但本研究提供了一个框架来观察考古记录中的类似模式。