Arakawa and colleagues (2011) use temporal changes in obsidian source patterns to link the late thirteenth-century abandonment of the Mesa Verde region to Ortman's (2010, 2012) model of Tewa migration to the northern Rio Grande. They employ Anthony's (1990) concept of reverse migration, inferring that an increase in Mesa Verde–region obsidian from a specific Jemez Mountain source reflects the scouting of an eventual migration path. Weaknesses of this inference are that only obsidian data from the Mesa Verde region were used in its development and that the model does not consider the complexities of previously documented patterns of settlement and stone raw material use in the northern Rio Grande. By examining source data from parts of northwestern and north-central New Mexico, we find that the patterning seen in the Mesa Verde obsidian data is widespread both geographically and temporally. The patterns are more indicative of a change in acquisition within a down-the-line exchange system than a reverse migration stream. Population trends on the southern Pajarito Plateau, the probable source of the acquisition change, suggest ancestral Keres rather than Tewa involvement in thirteenth-century obsidian distribution.

中文翻译：

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北里奥格兰德黑曜石采购的时间变化及其对黑曜石进入圣胡安地区的影响

Arakawa 及其同事 (2011) 使用黑曜石来源模式的时间变化将 13 世纪晚期 Mesa Verde 地区的废弃与 Ortman (2010, 2012) 的 Tewa 迁移到里奥格兰德北部的模型联系起来。他们采用 Anthony (1990) 的反向迁移概念，推断来自特定 Jemez 山源的 Mesa Verde 地区黑曜石的增加反映了对最终迁移路径的探索。这种推论的不足之处在于，在其开发过程中仅使用了来自 Mesa Verde 地区的黑曜石数据，并且该模型没有考虑先前记录的 Rio Grande 北部定居点和石材原材料使用模式的复杂性。通过检查新墨西哥州西北部和中北部部分地区的源数据，我们发现在 Mesa Verde 黑曜石数据中看到的图案在地理和时间上都很普遍。与反向迁移流相比，这些模式更能表明下线交换系统内的获取变化。Pajarito Plateau 高原南部的人口趋势是获取变化的可能来源，表明祖先 Keres 而不是 Tewa 参与了 13 世纪的黑曜石分布。