To evaluate the responses of some important agronomic traits of 14 bread wheat cultivars, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design under non-stress, moderate and severe salinity stress conditions. In this study, Backcross and Roshan were identified as the most salinity-tolerant cultivars, while Mihan and Shirudi were considered as the most salinity-sensitive cultivars. The proline content, as well as Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase subunit E (W36) gene expression levels, were examined in these cultivars under normal, moderate and high salinity stress conditions. The proline content and P5CS gene expression level increased with a rise in NaCl concentration. Further, a direct relationship was observed between the proline content and P5CS gene expression in all samples. Our results showed that W36 gene expression in Backcross and Roshan cultivars, as the most resistant ones, strongly increased with elevation of the NaCl concentrations. On the other hand, in the sensitive cultivars such as Mihan and Shirudi, small changes were observed in the gene expression levels with rising salinity levels. Additionally, Backcross and Roshan cultivars had the highest proline content as well as P5CS and W36 genes expression levels under moderate and high salinity stress levels.

中文翻译：

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盐分胁迫对小麦脯氨酸含量及Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合酶和液泡型H+亚基E基因表达的影响

为了评估14个面包小麦品种的一些重要农艺性状的响应，基于随机完整区组设计在非胁迫、中度和重度盐胁迫条件下进行裂区试验。在本研究中，Backcross 和 Roshan 被确定为最耐盐分的品种，而 Mihan 和 Shirudi 被认为是最耐盐分的品种。脯氨酸含量，以及Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合酶(P5CS） 和空泡型H+-ATP酶亚基E(W36) 基因表达水平，在正常、中度和高盐胁迫条件下对这些品种进行了检测。脯氨酸含量和P5CS基因表达水平随着 NaCl 浓度的增加而增加。此外，观察到脯氨酸含量与P5CS所有样本中的基因表达。我们的结果表明W36Backcross 和 Roshan 品种作为抗性最强的品种，其基因表达随着 NaCl 浓度的升高而显着增加。另一方面，在敏感品种如米罕和石鲁地，随着盐度水平的升高，基因表达水平发生了微小的变化。此外，回交和肉山品种的脯氨酸含量最高，P5CS和W36中高盐胁迫下的基因表达水平。