Objective:The objective of this study was to derive a factor structure of the measures of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) that is representative of cognitive abilities in a large ethnically diverse cohort of 8-year-old children in Aotearoa New Zealand.Methods:Our sample comprised of 4298 8-year-old children from the Growing Up in New Zealand study. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for the NIH Toolbox CB measures to discover the best-fitting factor structure in our sample. Measurement invariance of the identified model was tested across child’s gender, socio-economic status (SES), and ethnicity.Results:A three-dimensional factor structure was identified, with one factor of Crystallised Cognition (Reading and Vocabulary), and two distinguished factors of fluid cognition: Fluid Cognition I (Attention/Inhibitory Control, Processing Speed, and Cognitive Flexibility) and Fluid Cognition II (Working Memory, Episodic Memory). The results demonstrate excellent model fit, but reliability of the factors was low. Measurement invariance was confirmed for child’s gender. We found configural, but neither metric nor scalar, invariance across SES and the four major ethnic groups: European, Māori, Pacific Peoples, and Asian.Conclusion:Our findings show that, at the age of 8 years, fluid abilities are more strongly associated with one another than with crystallised abilities and that fluid abilities need to be further differentiated. This dimensional structure allows for comparisons across child’s gender, but evaluations across SES and ethnicity within the Aotearoa New Zealand context must be conducted with caution. We recommend using raw scores of the individual NIH Toolbox CB measures in future research.

中文翻译：

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探索 NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery 在新西兰 Aotearoa 8 岁儿童的大样本中的因子结构

目的：本研究的目的是推导出美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 工具箱认知电池 (CB) 测量的因子结构，该测量代表一个大型种族多样化的 8 岁儿童队列的认知能力在新西兰奥特阿罗亚。方法：我们的样本由来自新西兰的 4298 名 8 岁儿童组成。在新西兰长大学习。我们对 NIH Toolbox CB 措施进行了探索性和验证性因子分析，以发现我们样本中最合适的因子结构。对所识别模型的测量不变性进行了跨儿童性别、社会经济地位 (SES) 和种族的测试。结果：确定了一个三维因子结构，其中一个因子为结晶认知（阅读和词汇），两个显着因子流体认知：流体认知 I（注意力/抑制控制、处理速度和认知灵活性）和流体认知 II（工作记忆、情景记忆）。结果表明模型拟合良好，但因子的可靠性较低。确认儿童性别的测量不变性。我们发现配置，但既不是度量也不是标量，SES 和四个主要种族群体的不变性：欧洲人、毛利人、太平洋人民和亚洲人。结论：我们的研究结果表明，在 8 岁时，流动能力相互之间的联系比与结晶能力和流动能力之间的联系更紧密。能力需要进一步区分。这种维度结构允许对儿童的性别进行比较，但必须谨慎地在新西兰 Aotearoa 范围内对 SES 和种族进行评估。我们建议在未来的研究中使用单个 NIH Toolbox CB 测量的原始分数。这种维度结构允许对儿童的性别进行比较，但必须谨慎地在新西兰 Aotearoa 范围内对 SES 和种族进行评估。我们建议在未来的研究中使用单个 NIH Toolbox CB 测量的原始分数。这种维度结构允许对儿童的性别进行比较，但必须谨慎地在新西兰 Aotearoa 范围内对 SES 和种族进行评估。我们建议在未来的研究中使用单个 NIH Toolbox CB 测量的原始分数。