Babies born small-for-gestational age (SGA) have an increased risk of mortality, morbidity and adverse functional consequences. Studies suggest that pre-pregnancy maternal diet may influence newborns’ size. This study aimed to determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy dietary patterns (DP) are associated with delivering SGA newborns in the ProcriAr Cohort Study, Sao Paulo-Brazil. Pre-pregnancy DP of 299 women were investigated using factor analysis with principal component’s estimation, based on intake reported on a validated 110-item FFQ. Newborns were classified as SGA if their weight and/or length, adjusted by gestational age and sex, were below the 10th percentile of the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Multivariate Poisson regression modelling with robust error variance was performed to examine associations between the different DP (in quintiles) and SGA. In a model adjusted by maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours, women who scored in the highest quintile of the DP ‘Snacks, sandwiches, sweets and soft drinks’ (in relation to the women who scored in the lowest quintile) were significantly more likely to deliver SGA babies (relative risk 1·92; 95 % CI 1·08, 3·39). This study verified that women’s pre-pregnancy dietary behaviour characterised by an energy-dense nutrient-poor food intake was a risk factor for delivering SGA newborns. Investments in education and improved access to healthful food and nutritional information before pregnancy should be prioritised due to their potential positive impact on child health. However, further studies are warranted to identify specific metabolic pathways that may be underlying these associations.

中文翻译：

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孕前饮食模式与新生儿大小有关：ProcriAr 研究的结果

小于胎龄儿 (SGA) 的婴儿死亡率、发病率和不良功能后果的风险增加。研究表明，孕前母亲的饮食可能会影响新生儿的体型。本研究旨在确定母体孕前饮食模式 (DP) 是否与在巴西圣保罗的 ProcriAr 队列研究中分娩 SGA 新生儿有关。根据经验证的 110 项 FFQ 报告的摄入量，使用具有主成分估计的因子分析对 299 名妇女的孕前 DP 进行了调查。如果根据胎龄和性别调整后的新生儿体重和/或身长低于 INTERGROWTH-21st 标准的第 10 个百分位，则新生儿被归类为 SGA。执行具有稳健误差方差的多变量泊松回归模型，以检查不同 DP（五分位数）和 SGA 之间的关联。在根据母亲社会人口和健康行为调整的模型中，在 DP“零食、三明治、糖果和软饮料”中得分最高的五分之一的女性（相对于得分最低的五分之一的女性）更有可能分娩SGA 婴儿（相对风险 1·92；95 % CI 1·08、3·39）。本研究证实，女性孕前饮食行为以能量密集、营养不足的食物摄入为特征，是分娩 SGA 新生儿的危险因素。由于对儿童健康的潜在积极影响，应优先考虑投资教育和改善孕前健康食品和营养信息的获取。然而，