Teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP), bioactive peptides located on the C-terminal end of teneurin proteins, have been shown to regulate stress axis functions due to the high conservation between TCAP and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Additionally, recent work demonstrated that TCAP can increase metabolism in rats via glucose metabolism. These metabolic actions are not well described in other organisms, including teleosts. Here we investigated the expression of a tcap isoform, tcap-3, and the potential role of TCAP-3 as a regulator of metabolism across zebrafish life-stages. Using pcr-based analyses, tcap-3 appears to be independently transcribed, in relation to teneurin-3, in muscle tissue of adult zebrafish. Resazurin, respirometry chambers, and mitochondrial metabolism analyses were used to study the metabolic effects of synthetic rainbow trout TCAP-3 (rtTCAP-3) in larval and adult zebrafish. Overall, metabolic activity was enhanced by 48 h of rtTCAP-3 treatment in larvae (bath immersion) and adults (intraperitoneal injections). This metabolic activity increase was due to mitochondrial uncoupling, as mitochondrial respiration increase by rtTCAP-3 was due to proton leak. Additionally, rtTCAP-3 protected larval fish from reduced metabolic activity induced by low temperatures. Subsequently, rtTCAP-3 increased metabolic output in adult zebrafish subjected to accelerated swimming speeds, demonstrating the potent role of rtTCAP-3 in zebrafish metabolism regulation during metabolic challenges. Collectively, these results demonstrate the conserved roles for rtTCAP-3 as a metabolic activator in zebrafish.

中文翻译：

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Teneurin C-末端相关肽 (TCAP)-3 增加斑马鱼的代谢活性

Teneurin C 端相关肽 (TCAP) 是一种位于 Teneurin 蛋白 C 端的生物活性肽，由于 TCAP 和促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 之间的高度保守性，已被证明可以调节应力轴功能。此外，最近的工作表明，TCAP 可以通过葡萄糖代谢增加大鼠的代谢。这些代谢作用在其他生物体中没有得到很好的描述，包括硬骨鱼。在这里，我们研究了 tcap 同种型 tcap-3 的表达，以及 TCAP-3 作为斑马鱼生命阶段代谢调节剂的潜在作用。使用基于 pcr 的分析，在成年斑马鱼的肌肉组织中，tcap-3 似乎是独立转录的，与 Teneurin-3 相关。刃天青，呼吸测量室，和线粒体代谢分析用于研究合成虹鳟鱼 TCAP-3 (rtTCAP-3) 在幼虫和成年斑马鱼中的代谢作用。总体而言，48 小时的 rtTCAP-3 处理增强了幼虫（浸浴）和成虫（腹腔注射）的代谢活性。这种代谢活动的增加是由于线粒体解偶联，因为 rtTCAP-3 引起的线粒体呼吸增加是由于质子泄漏。此外，rtTCAP-3 保护幼鱼免受低温引起的代谢活性降低。随后，rtTCAP-3 增加了受到加速游泳速度的成年斑马鱼的代谢输出，证明了 rtTCAP-3 在代谢挑战期间斑马鱼代谢调节中的有效作用。总的来说，