Cognitive fatigue is a problem for the safety of critical systems (e.g., aircraft) as it can lead to accidents, especially during unexpected events. In order to determine the extent to which it disrupts adaptive capabilities, we evaluated its effect on online and anticipatory control. Despite numerous studies conducted to determine its effects, the exact mechanism(s) affected by fatigue remains to be clarified. In this study, we used distribution and electromyographic analysis to assess whether cognitive fatigue increases the capture of the incorrect automatic response or if it impairs its suppression (online control), and whether the conflict adaptation effect is reduced (anticipatory control). To this end, we evaluated the evolution of the performance over time during the Simon task, a classic conflict task that elicits incorrect automatic responses. To accentuate the presence of fatigue during the Simon task, two groups previously performed a dual-task with two different cognitive load levels to create two different levels of fatigue. The results revealed that time on task impaired online control by disrupting the capacity to suppress the incorrect response but leaving unaffected the expression of the automatic response. Furthermore, participants emphasized speed rather than accuracy with time on task, with in addition more fast guesses, suggesting that they opted for a less effortful response strategy. As the implementation of the suppression mechanism requires cognitive effort, the conjunction of these results suggests that the deficits observed may be due to disengagement of effort over time rather than reflecting an incapacity to make an effort.

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认知疲劳对在线和预期动作控制影响的肌电图分析

认知疲劳是关键系统（例如飞机）的安全问题，因为它会导致事故，尤其是在意外事件期间。为了确定它在多大程度上破坏了适应能力，我们评估了它对在线和预期控制的影响。尽管进行了大量研究以确定其影响，但疲劳影响的确切机制仍有待澄清。在本研究中，我们使用分布和肌电图分析来评估认知疲劳是否会增加对错误自动反应的捕获或是否会削弱其抑制（在线控制），以及冲突适应效果是否降低（预期控制）。为此，我们评估了 Simon 任务期间性能随时间的演变，一个经典的冲突任务，会引发不正确的自动反应。为了强调西蒙任务期间疲劳的存在，两组之前执行了具有两种不同认知负荷水平的双重任务，以产生两种不同程度的疲劳。结果表明，任务时间通过破坏抑制错误响应的能力而削弱了在线控制，但不影响自动响应的表达。此外，参与者在任务时间上强调速度而不是准确性，此外还有更快的猜测，这表明他们选择了不那么费力的反应策略。由于抑制机制的实施需要认知努力，