Stringent environmental regulations and energy insecurity necessitate the development of an integrated process to produce high-quality fuels from renewable resources and to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, in this case Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The FT activity and selectivity are significantly influenced by the pretreatment of the catalyst. This article reviews traditional and developing processes for pretreatment of cobalt catalysts with reference to their application in FTS. The activation atmosphere, drying, calcination, reduction conditions and type of support are critical factors that govern the reducibility, dispersion and crystallite size of the active phase. Compared to traditional high temperature H₂ activation, both hydrogenation–carbidisation–hydrogenation and reduction–oxidation–reduction pretreatment cycles result in improved metal dispersion and exhibit much higher FTS activity. Cobalt carbide (Co₂C) formed by CO treatment has the potential to provide a simpler and more effective way of producing lower olefins, and higher alcohols directly from syngas. Syngas activation or direct synthesis of the metallic cobalt catalyst has the potential to remove the expensive H₂ pretreatment procedure, and consequently simplify the pretreatment process, which would make it more economical and thus more attractive to industry.

中文翻译：

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钴基Fisher-Tropsch合成催化剂预处理技术的最新进展

严格的环境法规和能源不安全性要求开发一种集成工艺，以利用可再生资源生产高质量的燃料，并减少对化石燃料的依赖，在这种情况下为费托合成（FTS）。FT活性和选择性受催化剂预处理的影响很大。本文参考了钴催化剂在FTS中的应用，回顾了钴催化剂的传统和开发过程。活化气氛，干燥，煅烧，还原条件和载体类型是决定活性相还原性，分散性和微晶尺寸的关键因素。与传统高温H ₂相比活化，加氢-碳化-加氢和还原-氧化-还原预处理循环均会改善金属的分散性并表现出更高的FTS活性。通过CO处理形成的碳化钴（Co ₂ C）具有提供更简单，更有效的方法直接从合成气生产低级烯烃和高级醇的潜力。金属钴催化剂的合成气活化或直接合成具有去除昂贵的H ₂预处理程序的潜力，并因此简化了预处理过程，这将使其更经济并因此对工业更具吸引力。