Ochre-based pigments have been employed since the first artistic expressions of mankind, with widespread diffusion during the Roman civilization. Such prominent use influenced their technological development, focused on functional and aesthetic optimization through complex manufacturing procedures. Furthermore, their appearance is also influenced by degradation processes, sometimes driven by natural disasters such as the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, in which yellow ochres of Vesuvian sites were sometimes converted to red by thermal alteration. In this contribution, a multi-analytical approach was adopted based on preliminary non-invasive investigations complemented by laboratory analyses to characterize the painted surfaces of the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary (Herculaneum) with a particular focus on the ochre-based monochrome backgrounds. The study was aimed at (a) reconstructing the original color scheme of the walls and (b) deciphering the complex decorative techniques adopted by Roman craftsmen. The analytical results allowed testing and defining analytical procedures for the discrimination between the original and converted red pigments. Furthermore, these studies indicated that specific decorative technologies were adopted according to aesthetic, functional, and economic purposes, including the utilization of various qualities of ochre with different compositional and textural properties, and the mixture of ochre pigments with other compounds.

中文翻译：

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装饰技术与自然灾害之间的百年纪念之屋（意大利，赫库兰尼姆）的油毡中基于色的颜料

自从人类首次艺术表达以来，就使用了基于ch色的颜料，并在罗马文明中广泛传播。这种显着的使用影响了他们的技术发展，通过复杂的制造程序专注于功能和美学优化。此外，它们的出现还受到降解过程的影响，有时受自然灾害的驱动，例如公元79年维苏威火山的爆发，其中维苏威遗址的黄有时因热蚀而转变为红色。在这项贡献中，基于初步的非侵入性研究并结合实验室分析，采用了多种分析方法来表征百年纪念之家（草皮）的塔板涂漆表面，尤其着眼于基于石的单色背景。这项研究的目的是（a）重建墙壁的原始配色方案，以及（b）解密罗马工匠采用的复杂装饰技术。分析结果允许测试和定义分析程序，以区分原始红色颜料和转化的红色颜料。此外，这些研究表明，根据美学，功能和经济目的采用了特定的装饰技术，包括利用具有不同组成和质地特性的各种品质的cher石，