Materials that exhibit X-ray-excited luminescence have great potential in radiation detection, security inspection, biomedical applications and X-ray astronomy^1,2,3,4,5. However, high-performance materials are almost exclusively limited to ceramic scintillators, which are typically prepared under high temperatures⁶. Herein we report metal-free organic phosphors based on a molecular design that supports efficient triplet exciton harvesting to enhance radioluminescence. These organic scintillators exhibit a detection limit of 33 nGy s^–1, which is 167 times lower than the standard dosage for X-ray medical examination and we demonstrate their potential application in X-ray radiography. These findings provide a fundamental design principle and new route for the creation of promising alternatives to incumbent inorganic scintillators. Furthermore, they offer new opportunities for development of flexible, stretchable X-ray detectors and imagers for non-destructive radiography testing and medical imaging.

表现出 X 射线激发发光的材料在辐射检测、安全检查、生物医学应用和 X 射线天文学^{1、2、3、4、5}方面具有巨大潜力。然而，高性能材料几乎完全限于陶瓷闪烁体，这些闪烁体通常是在高温下制备的⁶。在这里，我们报告了基于分子设计的无金属有机磷光体，该分子设计支持高效的三重态激子收集以增强放射发光。这些有机闪烁体的检测限为 33 nGy s ^–1，这比 X 射线医学检查的标准剂量低 167 倍，我们展示了它们在 X 射线摄影中的潜在应用。这些发现为创建现有无机闪烁体的有希望的替代品提供了基本设计原则和新途径。此外，它们为开发用于无损射线照相测试和医学成像的灵活、可拉伸的 X 射线探测器和成像仪提供了新的机会。