This paper focuses on an innovative end-of-use strategy: repurposing, defined as a manufacturing process through which products nearing their end-of-life are reused in different applications. We refer to this strategy as cascading applications reuse (CAR). The main purpose of CAR is the preservation of the added-value of such products. The objective of this research is to provide a clear vision to decision-makers and design teams about the repurposing strategy and to guide them to integrate it during the upstream stages of the design process. To do so, three contributions are presented. First, CAR offers are characterised from a design perspective. Second, a double-usage CAR life cycle is explained. Differences with traditional strategies are highlighted. Third, three design tools are explored and modified to facilitate design steps in a repurposing perspective. Two central case studies, focussing on lithium-ion batteries, have been investigated during our research to build and validate the contributions. The first concerns applications related to electric building site machineries repurposed into forklift trucks. The second concerns the transformation of batteries from electric vehicles to stationary applications. Working sessions have been conducted with multiple stakeholders (decision-makers, design teams, logisticians, recycler, etc.).

本文着重于创新的最终使用策略：重新定位，定义为一种制造过程，通过该过程，将接近使用寿命的产品重新用于不同的应用程序中。我们将此策略称为级联应用程序重用（CAR）。CAR的主要目的是保留此类产品的附加值。这项研究的目的是为决策者和设计团队提供关于重用策略的清晰愿景，并指导他们在设计过程的上游阶段对其进行整合。为此，提出了三个建议。首先，从设计的角度对CAR产品进行表征。其次，解释了双重使用的CAR生命周期。突出了与传统策略的差异。第三，对三种设计工具进行了探索和修改，以从重新设计的角度促进设计步骤。在我们的研究过程中，对两个主要针对锂离子电池的中心案例进行了研究，以建立并验证这一贡献。首先涉及与改建到叉车中的电力建筑机械相关的应用。第二个问题涉及电池从电动汽车到固定式应用的转变。已经与多个利益相关者（决策者，设计团队，物流师，回收商等）进行了工作会议。第二个问题涉及电池从电动汽车到固定式应用的转变。已经与多个利益相关者（决策者，设计团队，物流师，回收商等）进行了工作会议。第二个问题涉及电池从电动汽车到固定式应用的转变。已经与多个利益相关者（决策者，设计团队，物流师，回收商等）进行了工作会议。