This study aimed to investigate the synergetic effects of dietary emodin and Clostridium butyricum on antioxidant capacities and immune gene expression of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under ammonia stress. Nine experimental diets were formulated with three emodin levels (0, 25 and 50 mg/kg) and three C. butyricum levels (0, 250 and 500 mg/kg, 2 × 107 CFU g⁻¹) arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Emodin dictated the relatively lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after stress compared to before. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) exhibited a significant difference among treatments fed emodin after ammonia exposure. Emodin and C. butyricum sparked the relatively lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels before and after stress compared with the control. The expression of heat shock protein (HSP70) significantly augmented by emodin alone (p < 0.001) and in the interaction with C. butyricum (p < 0.01), while C. butyricum showed insignificant result before stress (p > 0.05) independently. After the ammonia challenge, the expression of HSP70 was significantly down‐regulated by the individual and synergetic effects of emodin and C. butyricum (p < 0.001). Toll gene expression was significantly increased by both emodin and C. butyricum before and after ammonia antagonism (p < 0.001). Similarly, dorsal gene expression was remarkably enhanced by emodin and C. butyricum before and after ammonia challenge (p < 0.01), and synergetic effects were observed before stress exposure (p < 0.05). The present study indicated that the synergetic effects of C. butyricum and emodin could significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, immune‐related gene expression and survival rate of M. rosenbergii under ammonia stress. The optimum combination of these components was 250 mg/kg (2x 107 CFUg⁻¹) and 50 mg/ kg.

中文翻译：

---

丁酸梭菌和大黄素对氨胁迫下淡水虾罗氏沼虾的抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因表达的协同作用

本研究旨在探讨大黄素和酪酸梭菌对氨胁迫下淡水虾（Rossbrii）的抗氧化能力和免疫基因表达的协同作用。九个实验饮食配制具有三个大黄素水平（0，25和50mg / kg）和3 Ç。丁酸含量（0、250和500 mg / kg，2×107 CFU g ^-1）以3×3析因设计排列。大黄素指示应激后的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性比以前低。谷氨酰胺过氧化物酶（GPx）在暴露于氨水的大黄素处理之间表现出显着差异。大黄素和Ç。丁酸与对照组相比，在应激之前和之后激发了相对较低的丙二醛（MDA）水平。大黄素单独 和与C相互作用时，热休克蛋白（HSP70）的表达显着增加（p <0.001）。酪酸（p  <0.01），而Ç。丁酸在应激前的结果无关紧要（p  > 0.05）。氨攻击后，大黄素和C的单独和协同作用显着下调了HSP70的表达。丁酸（p  <0.001）。大黄素和大黄素均显着增加了Toll基因的表达Ç。氨拮抗前后的酪丁酸（p  <0.001）。类似地，背基因表达得到显着通过大黄素和增强Ç。氨挑战之前和之后的丁酸丁酯（p  <0.01），并且在压力暴露之前观察到协同作用（p  <0.05）。本研究表明，C的协同作用。丁酸和大黄素可以显着提高M的抗氧化能力，免疫相关基因的表达和存活率。罗氏沼虾在氨胁迫下。这些成分的最佳组合为250 mg / kg（2x 107 CFUg^-1）和50 mg / kg。