The effect of X-ray irradiation on titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity was studied through surface chemistry analysis after irradiation and TiO₂ degradation of methylene blue (MB). Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that an increased number of oxygen vacancies, chemisorbed oxygen, and OH groups were formed at the surface of the nanomaterial with increasing irradiation dose. Moreover, the formation of these features in the structure and surface of TiO₂ showed an improved catalytic activity. The superior performance of the catalyst upon X-ray irradiation is caused by the introduction of new energy levels below the conduction band of the catalyst, which generates trap centers that delay the recombination rate of electron-holes pairs. Degradation of MB in the presence of TiO₂ showed reaction rate coefficient enhancements of ̴ 47.6 %–61.6 % when TiO₂ with a mean size of 6.5 nm was irradiated at doses of 10 and 60 kGy respectively. Overall, our experiments showed promise of the X-ray irradiation as a feasible surface treatment that showed significant improvements in the photocatalysis of TiO₂.

通过辐照和亚甲基蓝（MB）的TiO ₂降解后的表面化学分析，研究了X射线辐照对二氧化钛（TiO ₂）纳米颗粒的影响及其光催化活性。详细的X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明，随着辐照剂量的增加，纳米材料表面形成的氧空位，化学吸附的氧和OH基团数量增加。而且，这些特征在TiO ₂的结构和表面中的形成显示出改善的催化活性。X射线辐照下催化剂的优越性能是由于在催化剂的导带以下引入了新的能级而产生的，新能级产生了陷阱中心，这些陷阱中心延迟了电子-空穴对的复合速率。以TiO存在MB的降解₂显示的̴47.6％-61.6％的反应速率系数的增强时的TiO ₂ 6.5纳米的平均尺寸在剂量10和60千戈瑞的照射分别。总的来说，我们的实验表明X射线辐照有望成为可行的表面处理方法，从而显着改善TiO ₂的光催化性能。