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Anuran Community Patterns in the rice fields of the mid-western region of the Republic of Korea
Global Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01448
Min Seock Do , Seok-Jun Son , Green Choi , Nakyung Yoo , Kyo-Soung Koo , Hyung-Kyu Nam

The wildlife that inhabits natural wetlands has been threatened in recent years because of human activities, such as land use changes. Rice fields, however, have been receiving attention as possible substitutes for natural wetlands. Amphibians are one of the representative taxa that inhabit rice fields and are critical for their food webs and ecosystem maintenance. This study was conducted to understand the community characteristics of anuran species living in the rice fields in the mid-western region of the Republic of Korea, in accordance with their habitat characteristics. The distribution and abundance of each of the Anura species identified in 40 rice fields was examined, from March to October in 2016 and 2017. Similar anuran communities were patternized using a self-organizing map (SOM). Furthermore, this study analyzed the relationships between the patternized anuran communities and environmental variables (landscape, atmospheric, physical, and aquatic) using random forest analysis. Key indicator species were also identified to understand the environmental characteristics of each SOM group. The results of this study showed that the anuran species that were assessed could be classified into four clusters using the SOM, and each cluster reflected a breeding season. Moreover, they also reflected the relationship between the indicator species of each cluster and the environmental variables. Clusters 1 and 4 represented summer, and the number of species, species diversity, and species richness were all high in these two clusters. Landscape variables, such as the forest or rice field area, were important for the species belonging to these two clusters. There were four indicator species in Cluster 1, the black-spotted frog, Wrinkled frog, American bullfrog, and Japanese tree frog, and they preferred high altitudes and large forested areas. However, the two indicator species of Cluster 4, the Gold-spotted pond frog and Suweon tree frog, which are endangered in the Republic of Korea, favored low altitude and large rice field areas. Various anuran species, including the endangered species, densely inhabit the rice fields in the mid-western region of the Republic of Korea, and the relationship between the patterning of anuran communities and environmental variables was identified in this study. This information will be valuable for the future conservation and management of amphibian species in the Republic of Korea.



中文翻译:

大韩民国中西部稻田中的Anuran群落格局

近年来,由于人类活动(例如土地用途的变化),居住在天然湿地中的野生动植物受到了威胁。然而,稻田作为天然湿地的可能替代品已受到关注。两栖动物是居住在稻田中的代表性分类单元之一,对它们的食物网和生态系统维护至关重要。进行这项研究是为了了解生活在大韩民国中西部稻田中的无色种的群落特征,并根据它们的生境特征而定。在2016年和2017年3月至10月,检查了在40个稻田中识别出的每种无尾目物种的分布和丰度。使用自组织图(SOM)对类似的无尾目群落进行了模式化。此外,这项研究使用随机森林分析法分析了模式化的无核生物群落与环境变量(景观,大气,自然和水生)之间的关系。还确定了关键指标种类,以了解每个SOM组的环境特征。这项研究的结果表明,使用SOM可以将被评估的无色种分为四个类,每个类反映一个繁殖季节。此外,它们还反映了每个聚类的指标种类与环境变量之间的关系。聚类1和4代表夏季,这两个聚类中物种数量,物种多样性和物种丰富度都很高。景观变量,例如森林或稻田面积,对于属于这两个集群的物种非常重要。第一类中有四个指示物种,即黑点蛙,皱纹蛙,美国牛蛙和日本树蛙,它们更喜欢高海拔和大森林地区。但是,在大韩民国受到威胁的第4类第2个指示物种金斑池塘蛙和Suweon树蛙则偏爱低海拔地区和大面积稻田。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中,各种濒临灭绝物种都密集地存在于该物种中,并确定了该物种中环境变量与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。第一类中有四个指示物种,即黑斑蛙,皱纹蛙,美国牛蛙和日本树蛙,它们更喜欢高海拔地区和大森林地区。但是,在大韩民国受到威胁的第4类第2个指示物种金斑池塘蛙和Suweon树蛙则偏爱低海拔地区和大面积稻田。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中包括各种濒临灭绝物种的无脊椎动物,并确定了其形态与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。第一类中有四个指示物种,即黑点蛙,皱纹蛙,美国牛蛙和日本树蛙,它们更喜欢高海拔和大森林地区。但是,在大韩民国受到威胁的第4类第2个指示物种金斑池塘蛙和Suweon树蛙偏爱低海拔地区和大面积稻田。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中包括各种濒临灭绝物种的无脊椎动物,并确定了其形态与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。美国牛蛙和日本树蛙,他们更喜欢高海拔和大片森林。但是,在大韩民国受到威胁的第4类第2个指示物种金斑池塘蛙和Suweon树蛙则偏爱低海拔地区和大面积稻田。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中包括各种濒临灭绝物种的无脊椎动物,并确定了其形态与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。美国牛蛙和日本树蛙,他们更喜欢高海拔和大片森林。但是,在大韩民国受到威胁的第4类第2个指示物种金斑池塘蛙和Suweon树蛙则偏爱低海拔地区和大面积稻田。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中包括各种濒临灭绝物种的无脊椎动物,并确定了其形态与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。在大韩民国濒临灭绝的金斑蛙和水母树蛙偏爱低海拔地区和大片稻田地区。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中包括各种濒临灭绝物种的无脊椎动物,并确定了其形态与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。在大韩民国濒临灭绝的金斑蛙和水母树蛙偏爱低海拔地区和大片稻田地区。大韩民国中西部地区的稻田中包括各种濒临灭绝物种的无脊椎动物,并确定了其形态与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。这项研究确定了无核动物群落的格局与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。这项研究确定了无核动物群落的格局与环境变量之间的关系。这些信息对于大韩民国未来两栖动物物种的保护和管理将是宝贵的。

更新日期:2021-01-25
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