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Impacts of high fat diet on ocular outcomes in rodent models of visual disease
Experimental Eye Research ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108440
Danielle A Clarkson-Townsend 1 , Amber J Douglass 2 , Anayesha Singh 3 , Rachael S Allen 4 , Ivie N Uwaifo 5 , Machelle T Pardue 4
Affiliation  

High fat diets (HFD) have been utilized in rodent models of visual disease for over 50 years to model the effects of lipids, metabolic dysfunction, and diet-induced obesity on vision and ocular health. HFD treatment can recapitulate the pathologies of some of the leading causes of blindness, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rodent models of visual disease. However, there are many important factors to consider when using and interpreting these models. To synthesize our current understanding of the importance of lipid signaling, metabolism, and inflammation in HFD-driven visual disease processes, we systematically review the use of HFD in mouse and rat models of visual disease. The resulting literature is grouped into three clusters: models that solely focus on HFD treatment, models of diabetes that utilize both HFD and streptozotocin (STZ), and models of AMD that utilize both HFD and genetic models and/or other exposures. Our findings show that HFD profoundly affects vision, retinal function, many different ocular tissues, and multiple cell types through a variety of mechanisms. We delineate how HFD affects the cornea, lens, uvea, vitreous humor, retina, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and Bruch's membrane (BM). Furthermore, we highlight how HFD impairs several retinal cell types, including glia (microglia), retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and vascular support cells (endothelial cells and pericytes). However, there are a number of gaps, limitations, and biases in the current literature. We highlight these gaps and discuss experimental design to help guide future studies. Very little is known about how HFD impacts the lens, ciliary bodies, and specific neuronal populations, such as rods, cones, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells. Additionally, sex bias is an important limitation in the current literature, with few HFD studies utilizing female rodents. Future studies should use ingredient-matched control diets (IMCD), include both sexes in experiments to evaluate sex-specific outcomes, conduct longitudinal metabolic and visual measurements, and capture acute outcomes. In conclusion, HFD is a systemic exposure with profound systemic effects, and rodent models are invaluable in understanding the impacts on visual and ocular disease.



中文翻译:

高脂肪饮食对视觉疾病啮齿动物模型眼部结果的影响

50 多年来,高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 已被用于啮齿动物视觉疾病模型,以模拟脂质、代谢功能障碍和饮食引起的肥胖对视力和眼部健康的影响。HFD 治疗可以概括一些导致失明的主要原因的病理,例如视觉疾病啮齿动物模型中的年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD) 和糖尿病视网膜病变 (DR)。但是,在使用和解释这些模型时需要考虑许多重要因素。为了综合我们目前对脂质信号传导、代谢和炎症在 HFD 驱动的视觉疾病过程中的重要性的理解,我们系统地回顾了 HFD 在视觉疾病小鼠和大鼠模型中的使用。由此产生的文献分为三组:仅关注 HFD 治疗的模型,利用 HFD 和链脲佐菌素 (STZ) 的糖尿病模型,以及利用 HFD 和遗传模型和/或其他暴露的 AMD 模型。我们的研究结果表明,HFD 通过多种机制深刻影响视力、视网膜功能、许多不同的眼部组织和多种细胞类型。我们描述了 HFD 如何影响角膜、晶状体、葡萄膜、玻璃体液、视网膜、视网膜色素上皮 (RPE) 和布鲁赫膜 (BM)。此外,我们强调 HFD 如何损害几种视网膜细胞类型,包括胶质细胞(小胶质细胞)、视网膜神经节细胞、双极细胞、感光细胞和血管支持细胞(内皮细胞和周细胞)。然而,目前的文献中存在许多差距、局限性和偏见。我们强调这些差距并讨论实验设计以帮助指导未来的研究。关于 HFD 如何影响晶状体、睫状体和特定的神经元群体,如视杆细胞、视锥细胞、双极细胞、无长突细胞和视网膜神经节细胞,我们知之甚少。此外,性别偏见是当前文献中的一个重要限制,很少有 HFD 研究使用雌性啮齿动物。未来的研究应使用成分匹配的对照饮食 (IMCD),在实验中包括两性,以评估性别特异性结果,进行纵向代谢和视觉测量,并捕捉急性结果。总之,HFD 是一种具有深远全身影响的全身暴露,啮齿动物模型对于了解对视觉和眼部疾病的影响具有非常宝贵的价值。和视网膜神经节细胞。此外,性别偏见是当前文献中的一个重要限制,很少有 HFD 研究使用雌性啮齿动物。未来的研究应使用成分匹配的对照饮食 (IMCD),在实验中包括两性,以评估性别特异性结果,进行纵向代谢和视觉测量,并捕捉急性结果。总之,HFD 是一种具有深远全身影响的全身暴露,啮齿动物模型对于了解对视觉和眼部疾病的影响具有非常宝贵的价值。和视网膜神经节细胞。此外,性别偏见是当前文献中的一个重要限制,很少有 HFD 研究使用雌性啮齿动物。未来的研究应使用成分匹配的对照饮食 (IMCD),在实验中包括两性,以评估性别特异性结果,进行纵向代谢和视觉测量,并捕捉急性结果。总之,HFD 是一种具有深远全身影响的全身暴露,啮齿动物模型对于了解对视觉和眼部疾病的影响具有非常宝贵的价值。并捕捉急性结果。总之,HFD 是一种具有深远全身影响的全身暴露,啮齿动物模型对于了解对视觉和眼部疾病的影响具有非常宝贵的价值。并捕捉急性结果。总之,HFD 是一种具有深远全身影响的全身暴露,啮齿动物模型对于了解对视觉和眼部疾病的影响具有非常宝贵的价值。

更新日期:2021-01-18
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