Several factors in Western society, including widespread use of antibiotics, chronic inflammation, and loss of complex eukaryotic symbionts such as helminths, have a dramatic impact on the ecosystem of the gut, affecting the microbiota hosted there. In addition, reductions in dietary fiber are profoundly impactful on the microbiota, causing extensive destruction of the niche space that supports the normally diverse microbial community in the gut. Abundant evidence now supports the view that, following dramatic alterations in the gut ecosystem, microorganisms undergo rapid change via Darwinian evolution. Such evolutionary change creates functionally distinct bacteria that may potentially have properties of pathogens but yet are difficult to distinguish from their benign predecessors.

中文翻译：

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人类肠道细菌响应环境变化的进化：健康游戏中的隐形玩家


西方社会的几个因素，包括抗生素的广泛使用、慢性炎症以及蠕虫等复杂真核共生体的丧失，对肠道生态系统产生巨大影响，影响那里的微生物群。此外，膳食纤维的减少对微生物群产生深远的影响，导致支持肠道内通常多样化的微生物群落的生态位空间的广泛破坏。现在大量证据支持这样的观点：在肠道生态系统发生巨大变化之后，微生物通过达尔文进化论经历快速变化。这种进化变化创造了功能独特的细菌，这些细菌可能具有病原体的特性，但很难与它们的良​​性前辈区分开来。