Policy changes have resulted in dramatic increases in access to cannabis for medical purposes. Veterans are disproportionately affected by conditions for which medical cannabis is often pursued, making an evidence-based perspective on risks versus benefits of high priority. The current review sought to examine the state of the evidence on the correlates and consequences of cannabis use among veterans. Using a comprehensive search strategy, 501 articles were identified and 86 studies met criteria for inclusion. The literature was predominated by cross-sectional studies (67%) of male veterans (71.4%–100% male) from the United States (93.0%). Three overarching themes emerged, comprising cannabis associations with other substance use, mental health, and physical health outcomes. The balance of the evidence associated cannabis use with negative health outcomes, with consistent positive associations with other substance use, psychiatric disorders, and self-harm/suicidality. Few studies examined the therapeutic effects of cannabis, thus limiting the potential to evaluate evidence of efficacy. Priority areas for future research are studies using designs that can examine the directionality of links between cannabis and health in veterans more conclusively, and studies directly examining therapeutic efficacy of cannabis-based therapies in veterans. Methodologically rigorous design will be essential to inform clinical recommendations and practices guidelines in an era of burgeoning access to cannabis.

政策变化导致用于医疗目的的大麻获取量急剧增加。退伍军人不成比例地受到经常追求医用大麻的疾病的影响，因此对风险与收益的基于证据的观点是高度优先的。当前的审查旨在审查退伍军人使用大麻的相关性和后果的证据状况。使用综合检索策略，确定了 501 篇文章，其中 86 项研究符合纳入标准。文献主要是针对美国 (93.0%) 男性退伍军人 (71.4%–100% 男性) 的横断面研究 (67%)。出现了三个首要主题，包括大麻与其他药物使用、心理健康和身体健康结果的关联。证据平衡表明大麻使用与负面健康结果相关，与其他药物使用、精神疾病和自残/自杀始终呈正相关。很少有研究检验大麻的治疗效果，因此限制了评估疗效证据的潜力。未来研究的优先领域是使用可以更确定地检查大麻与退伍军人健康之间联系的方向性的设计的研究，以及直接检查基于大麻的疗法对退伍军人的治疗效果的研究。在大麻获取迅速发展的时代，方法论上严格的设计对于为临床建议和实践指南提供信息至关重要。