A multi-step dimethylformamide (DMF)-free green synthesizing method based on (i) initial electrodeposition of lead precursor, i.e. lead sulfide (PbS) on mesoporous TiO₂/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glasses substrates, (ii) subsequent conversion of PbS to PbI₂ and (iii) synthesis of methylammonium lead triiodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) perovskite film and their microstructural, optical and solar cell performance are described. Different electrodeposition techniques including direct current and cyclic voltammetry deposition were investigated to produce PbS films. We find that the perovskite films produced based on PbS deposited by cyclic voltammetry exhibit compact layer consisting of cuboid grains with an average size of approximately 800 nm and a bandgap of 1.58 eV whose properties are comparable to those of perovskite films generally prepared by conventional methods like spin coating. It was observed that uniform perovskite layers deposited under different conditions as the absorber layer generate a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 7.72% under the standard AM 1.5 condition in the first attempt by this fabrication approach. PCEs obtained under different electrodeposition conditions were improved by eliminating of pores between the cuboid perovskite crystallites. This approach neglects employing hazardous solvents from the routine perovskite solar cell fabrication method and has potential to enhance its PCE similar to the common strategies by spin-coating methods improved over last decade by further modification of the electrodeposition process of the metal precursors and other steps towards highly efficient green perovskite solar cells.

一种多步骤无二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）的绿色合成方法，该方法基于（i）在中孔TiO ₂ /氟掺杂的氧化锡（FTO）导电玻璃基板上初步沉积铅前体即硫化铅（PbS），（ii）随后将PbS转换为PbI ₂和（iii）合成甲基碘化三碘化铅（CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃描述了钙钛矿薄膜及其微结构，光学和太阳能电池的性能。研究了包括直流电和循环伏安法沉积在内的不同电沉积技术，以生产PbS膜。我们发现，基于循环伏安法沉积的基于PbS的钙钛矿薄膜表现出的致密层由长方体晶粒组成，平均尺寸约为800 nm，带隙为1.58 eV，其性能可与通常通过常规方法（如常规方法）制备的钙钛矿薄膜相媲美。旋涂。观察到，通过该制造方法的首次尝试，在不同条件下作为吸收层沉积的均匀钙钛矿层在标准AM 1.5条件下产生高达7.72％的功率转换效率（PCE）。通过消除长方体钙钛矿微晶之间的孔，改善了在不同电沉积条件下获得的PCE。这种方法忽略了使用常规钙钛矿太阳能电池制造方法中的有害溶剂，并且有可能通过进一步改进金属前体的电沉积工艺和其他步骤，通过旋转涂覆方法来增强其PCE（类似于过去十年通过改进的旋涂方法）。高效绿色钙钛矿太阳能电池。